Cloud storage provider

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```mediawiki DISPLAYTITLECloud Storage Provider Server Configuration - Technical Documentation

This document details the hardware configuration utilized for our "Cloud Storage Provider" server offering. This configuration is optimized for high-capacity, high-availability storage and fast data retrieval, designed to meet the demands of modern cloud storage applications.

1. Hardware Specifications

This section details the specific hardware components chosen for the Cloud Storage Provider configuration. The selection prioritizes reliability, scalability, and performance. We utilize a disaggregated architecture where feasible for increased maintainability and independent scaling.

1.1 Compute Nodes

These nodes handle the metadata management, API requests, and data processing associated with the storage service. We employ a clustered approach for redundancy and load balancing.

Component Specification Quantity per Node Notes
CPU Dual Intel Xeon Platinum 8480+ (56 cores/112 threads per CPU, 2.0 GHz base, 3.8 GHz Turbo) 2 High core count and clock speed for efficient metadata operations and API handling. See CPU Selection Criteria for details.
RAM 512GB DDR5 ECC Registered 4800MHz 1 Crucial for caching frequently accessed metadata and handling concurrent requests. Utilizes ECC Memory for data integrity.
System Board Supermicro X13DEI-N6 1 Dual socket motherboard supporting the chosen CPUs and ample PCIe expansion slots. See Server Motherboard Selection for detailed requirements.
Boot Drive 480GB NVMe PCIe Gen4 SSD 1 For operating system and core application installation. Fast boot times and responsiveness are critical. Refer to SSD Technology Overview.
Network Interface Dual 100GbE Mellanox ConnectX-7 1 High-bandwidth networking for fast data transfer to/from storage nodes. Supports RDMA over Converged Ethernet (RoCEv2).
Power Supply 2000W 80+ Titanium Redundant Power Supply 2 (1+1 Redundancy) Ensures high availability in case of power supply failure. See Power Supply Requirements for detailed specifications.
RAID Controller Broadcom MegaRAID SAS 9460-8i 1 For managing the boot drive. Hardware RAID provides data protection and performance benefits.

1.2 Storage Nodes

These nodes are dedicated to storing the actual data. We utilize a scale-out architecture, adding nodes as capacity needs grow.

Component Specification Quantity per Node Notes
CPU Dual Intel Xeon Silver 4310 (12 cores/24 threads per CPU, 2.1 GHz base, 3.3 GHz Turbo) 2 Sufficient processing power for handling I/O requests without being a performance bottleneck. See CPU Selection Criteria.
RAM 256GB DDR4 ECC Registered 3200MHz 1 Used for caching frequently accessed data blocks. See ECC Memory.
System Board Supermicro X12DPG-QT6 1 Dual socket motherboard with numerous SAS/SATA/NVMe expansion slots.
Storage Drives 16 x 24TB SAS 7.2K RPM Enterprise HDD 16 High-capacity HDDs provide cost-effective storage. Utilize SMR vs. CMR Technology for optimizing drive selection.
Network Interface Dual 25GbE Mellanox ConnectX-6 1 Provides high-bandwidth connectivity to the compute nodes. Supports Ethernet Standards.
Power Supply 1600W 80+ Platinum Redundant Power Supply 2 (1+1 Redundancy) Ensures high availability. See Power Supply Requirements.
HBA (Host Bus Adapter) Broadcom SAS 9300-8i 2 Connects the storage drives to the system.

1.3 Networking Infrastructure

The network is a crucial component, built for low latency and high throughput.

  • **Core Switches:** Cisco Nexus 9800-32T (400GbE capable) - Handles inter-node communication and connectivity to the external network. See Network Topology
  • **Top of Rack (ToR) Switches:** Arista 7050X3 (100GbE) – Provides connectivity within each rack.
  • **Interconnect:** 400GbE fiber optic cables for core switches and 100GbE fiber optic cables for ToR switches.

1.4 Software Stack

  • **Operating System:** CentOS Stream 9 (Compute Nodes), Rocky Linux 9 (Storage Nodes) – Chosen for stability, security, and community support.
  • **Filesystem:** Ceph – Distributed object storage system providing scalability, reliability, and data redundancy. See Ceph Architecture for details.
  • **API Gateway:** Kong – Manages API requests and provides authentication, authorization, and rate limiting.
  • **Monitoring:** Prometheus & Grafana – For real-time monitoring of system performance and health. See Server Monitoring Best Practices.



2. Performance Characteristics

This section details the performance achieved by the Cloud Storage Provider configuration. Benchmarks are conducted under controlled conditions to provide accurate and repeatable results.

2.1 Benchmark Results

  • **IOPS (Random Read/Write):** Average 500,000 IOPS (4KB block size) – Measured using FIO benchmark.
  • **Throughput (Sequential Read/Write):** Average 20GB/s (128KB block size) – Measured using Iometer benchmark.
  • **Latency (Average Read/Write):** < 1ms – Measured using FIO benchmark.
  • **Object Storage Performance (Ceph):** 100,000 Objects/second PUT, 150,000 Objects/second GET – Measured using Ceph benchmarking tools.
  • **Network Throughput:** Measured at 95Gbps sustained between nodes.

These benchmarks were conducted with a simulated workload representing typical cloud storage usage patterns. See Performance Testing Methodology for detailed methodology.

2.2 Real-World Performance

In real-world scenarios, performance will vary depending on the workload and network conditions. However, the configuration consistently delivers:

  • **Fast File Upload/Download Speeds:** Users experience minimal latency when uploading and downloading files.
  • **High Concurrency:** The system can handle a large number of concurrent requests without performance degradation.
  • **Reliable Data Access:** Ceph’s data replication ensures high availability and data durability.
  • **Scalability:** Performance scales linearly with the addition of storage nodes.



3. Recommended Use Cases

The Cloud Storage Provider configuration is ideal for a wide range of applications, including:

  • **Object Storage:** Storing and retrieving unstructured data such as images, videos, and documents.
  • **Backup and Disaster Recovery:** Providing a secure and reliable offsite backup location.
  • **Archival Storage:** Long-term storage of infrequently accessed data.
  • **Content Delivery Network (CDN) Origin:** Serving static content to users globally.
  • **Big Data Analytics:** Storing and processing large datasets.
  • **Virtual Machine Images:** Storing and managing virtual machine images.
  • **Media Streaming:** Hosting large media files for streaming applications.



4. Comparison with Similar Configurations

This section compares the Cloud Storage Provider configuration with other common server configurations for cloud storage.

Configuration CPU RAM Storage Network Cost (Estimate) Use Case
**Cloud Storage Provider (This Document)** Dual Intel Xeon Platinum 8480+ / Dual Intel Xeon Silver 4310 512GB / 256GB 24TB SAS HDD (Scale-Out) 100GbE/25GbE $80,000 - $120,000 per rack (depending on scale) High-performance, high-capacity cloud storage.
**All-Flash Array** Dual Intel Xeon Gold 6338 512GB NVMe SSD (Scale-Out) 100GbE $150,000 - $250,000 per rack Low-latency applications, database storage. Higher cost per TB.
**Direct Attached Storage (DAS)** Single Intel Xeon E-2388G 64GB SATA HDD/SSD 1GbE $5,000 - $10,000 per server Small businesses, limited scalability.
**Network Attached Storage (NAS)** Intel Celeron J4005 8GB SATA HDD 1GbE $1,000 - $5,000 per unit Home use, small office file sharing.

This table provides a general comparison. Actual costs and performance will vary depending on the specific hardware and software components chosen. See Storage Technology Comparison for more detailed comparisons.



5. Maintenance Considerations

Maintaining the Cloud Storage Provider configuration requires careful planning and execution.

5.1 Cooling

  • **Data Center Cooling:** The servers generate significant heat, requiring a robust data center cooling system. A minimum of 5kW per rack is recommended. See Data Center Cooling Best Practices.
  • **Rack Cooling:** Ensure adequate airflow within each rack to prevent overheating. Utilize blanking panels to fill unused rack spaces.
  • **Component Monitoring:** Monitor CPU and drive temperatures to identify potential cooling issues.

5.2 Power Requirements

  • **Per Node:** Compute Nodes: ~800W, Storage Nodes: ~600W (typical)
  • **Per Rack:** A fully populated rack with 42U of servers can draw up to 20kW.
  • **Redundant Power Supplies:** Utilize redundant power supplies and power distribution units (PDUs) to ensure high availability. See Power Distribution Units.
  • **UPS (Uninterruptible Power Supply):** Deploy a UPS system to protect against power outages.

5.3 Software Updates

  • **Regular Patching:** Apply security patches and software updates regularly to maintain system security and stability. Utilize a centralized patch management system.
  • **Ceph Updates:** Follow Ceph’s release cycle and upgrade the cluster to the latest stable version.
  • **Monitoring and Alerting:** Configure monitoring and alerting to proactively identify and address potential issues.

5.4 Drive Failure & Replacement

  • **Proactive Monitoring:** Utilize S.M.A.R.T. monitoring to predict drive failures before they occur.
  • **Hot-Swappable Drives:** All storage drives are hot-swappable, allowing for replacement without downtime.
  • **Data Reconstruction:** Ceph automatically reconstructs data when a drive fails, ensuring data availability. Monitor reconstruction progress and ensure sufficient spare capacity.

5.5 Network Management

  • **Regular Network Monitoring:** Monitor network latency, throughput, and error rates.
  • **VLAN Segmentation:** Implement VLANs to isolate traffic and enhance security.
  • **Firewall Configuration:** Configure firewalls to protect the storage cluster from unauthorized access.

CPU Selection Criteria ECC Memory Server Motherboard Selection SSD Technology Overview Ethernet Standards Power Supply Requirements Network Topology Performance Testing Methodology Storage Technology Comparison Data Center Cooling Best Practices Power Distribution Units Ceph Architecture Server Monitoring Best Practices ```


Intel-Based Server Configurations

Configuration Specifications Benchmark
Core i7-6700K/7700 Server 64 GB DDR4, NVMe SSD 2 x 512 GB CPU Benchmark: 8046
Core i7-8700 Server 64 GB DDR4, NVMe SSD 2x1 TB CPU Benchmark: 13124
Core i9-9900K Server 128 GB DDR4, NVMe SSD 2 x 1 TB CPU Benchmark: 49969
Core i9-13900 Server (64GB) 64 GB RAM, 2x2 TB NVMe SSD
Core i9-13900 Server (128GB) 128 GB RAM, 2x2 TB NVMe SSD
Core i5-13500 Server (64GB) 64 GB RAM, 2x500 GB NVMe SSD
Core i5-13500 Server (128GB) 128 GB RAM, 2x500 GB NVMe SSD
Core i5-13500 Workstation 64 GB DDR5 RAM, 2 NVMe SSD, NVIDIA RTX 4000

AMD-Based Server Configurations

Configuration Specifications Benchmark
Ryzen 5 3600 Server 64 GB RAM, 2x480 GB NVMe CPU Benchmark: 17849
Ryzen 7 7700 Server 64 GB DDR5 RAM, 2x1 TB NVMe CPU Benchmark: 35224
Ryzen 9 5950X Server 128 GB RAM, 2x4 TB NVMe CPU Benchmark: 46045
Ryzen 9 7950X Server 128 GB DDR5 ECC, 2x2 TB NVMe CPU Benchmark: 63561
EPYC 7502P Server (128GB/1TB) 128 GB RAM, 1 TB NVMe CPU Benchmark: 48021
EPYC 7502P Server (128GB/2TB) 128 GB RAM, 2 TB NVMe CPU Benchmark: 48021
EPYC 7502P Server (128GB/4TB) 128 GB RAM, 2x2 TB NVMe CPU Benchmark: 48021
EPYC 7502P Server (256GB/1TB) 256 GB RAM, 1 TB NVMe CPU Benchmark: 48021
EPYC 7502P Server (256GB/4TB) 256 GB RAM, 2x2 TB NVMe CPU Benchmark: 48021
EPYC 9454P Server 256 GB RAM, 2x2 TB NVMe

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⚠️ *Note: All benchmark scores are approximate and may vary based on configuration. Server availability subject to stock.* ⚠️

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