Cloud Computing Infrastructure

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  1. Cloud Computing Infrastructure - Technical Documentation

This document details the hardware configuration for our standard "Cloud Computing Infrastructure" server offering, designed for robust and scalable cloud services. It provides in-depth technical specifications, performance characteristics, recommended use cases, comparisons with alternative configurations, and essential maintenance considerations.

1. Hardware Specifications

This configuration is built around a high-density, 2U rack server chassis optimized for performance and efficiency. The specifications detailed below represent the standard build, with configurable options available (see Configuration Options).

1.1 CPU

  • Processor Family: 3rd Generation Intel Xeon Scalable Processors (Ice Lake-SP)
  • Model: Intel Xeon Gold 6338 (configurable up to Intel Xeon Platinum 8380)
  • Cores/Threads: 32 Cores / 64 Threads per CPU
  • Base Frequency: 2.0 GHz
  • Max Turbo Frequency: 3.4 GHz
  • Cache: 48 MB Intel Smart Cache
  • TDP: 205W
  • Number of CPUs: 2 (Dual Socket Configuration)
  • Instruction Set Extensions: AVX-512, VMD, TSX-NI
  • Supported Virtualization: Intel Virtualization Technology (VT-x), VT-d

1.2 Memory (RAM)

  • Type: DDR4-3200 ECC Registered DIMM (RDIMM)
  • Capacity: 512 GB (configurable up to 2 TB)
  • Configuration: 16 x 32 GB DIMMs (8 DIMMs per CPU)
  • Speed: 3200 MHz
  • Channels: 8 Channels per CPU (optimized for performance)
  • Error Correction: On-die ECC
  • Rank: Dual Rank DIMMs

1.3 Storage

  • Boot Drive: 480 GB SATA III SSD (Solid State Drive) - for Operating System and boot files.
  • Primary Storage: 8 x 4 TB SAS 12Gbps 7.2K RPM Enterprise Hard Disk Drives (HDDs) in RAID 6 configuration (using a dedicated RAID Controller - see section 1.5). This provides 24 TB of usable storage. Configurable with SAS SSDs.
  • Cache Tier: 4 x 960 GB SAS 12Gbps Read-Intensive SSDs – used as a read cache to accelerate frequently accessed data. Managed by Data Tiering Software.
  • Interface: SAS 12 Gbps, SATA III
  • Hot-Swap: Yes (all drives are hot-swappable)

1.4 Network Interface

  • Onboard NIC: 2 x 10 Gigabit Ethernet (10GbE) ports (Intel X710-DA4)
  • Add-in NIC: 1 x 25 Gigabit Ethernet (25GbE) port (Mellanox ConnectX-6) – for high-speed network connectivity.
  • MAC Address Filtering: Supported
  • VLAN Support: 802.1q VLAN tagging
  • RDMA Support: RoCEv2 (Remote Direct Memory Access over Converged Ethernet) – essential for low-latency communication in Distributed Computing environments.

1.5 RAID Controller

  • Controller: Broadcom MegaRAID SAS 9460-8i
  • RAID Levels Supported: RAID 0, 1, 5, 6, 10, and variants.
  • Cache: 8 GB NV Cache with Flash Backed Write Cache (FBWC)
  • Interface: SAS 12 Gbps
  • Processor: Dedicated RAID processor for offloading RAID calculations from the CPU. See RAID Technology for details.

1.6 Power Supply

  • Power Supplies: 2 x 1100W 80+ Platinum Certified Redundant Power Supplies
  • Input Voltage: 100-240V AC, Auto-ranging
  • Input Frequency: 50/60 Hz
  • Efficiency: >94% at 50% load
  • Hot-Swappable: Yes

1.7 Chassis & Cooling

  • Form Factor: 2U Rackmount
  • Chassis Material: Steel
  • Cooling: Redundant Hot-Swappable Fans (8 total) with individual fan speed control. Thermal Management is critical.
  • Remote Management: Integrated IPMI 2.0 compliant BMC (Baseboard Management Controller) for out-of-band management.

1.8 Motherboard

  • Chipset: Intel C621A
  • Form Factor: ATX
  • Expansion Slots: 3 x PCIe 4.0 x16, 2 x PCIe 4.0 x8
  • BIOS: UEFI with support for secure boot. See UEFI Security for more information.

2. Performance Characteristics

This configuration is designed to deliver high performance for a variety of cloud workloads. The following benchmark results are representative of typical performance. Results may vary depending on the specific workload and configuration.

Benchmark Suite: SPECvirt_sc2013, PassMark PerformanceTest 10, IOmeter

| Benchmark | Score/Result | Notes | |---|---|---| | SPECvirt_sc2013 (2-CPU) | 750 (estimated) | Measures virtualized server performance. | | PassMark CPU Mark | 25,000 (estimated) | Overall CPU performance score. | | PassMark Memory Mark | 38,000 (estimated) | RAM performance score. | | IOmeter (Sequential Read) | 5.5 GB/s | From RAID 6 array. | | IOmeter (Sequential Write) | 3.8 GB/s | To RAID 6 array. | | IOmeter (Random Read) | 150,000 IOPS | From RAID 6 array with cache. | | IOmeter (Random Write) | 80,000 IOPS | To RAID 6 array with cache | | Network Throughput (25GbE) | 22 Gbps | Achieved with standard TCP/IP stack. | | Network Latency (25GbE) | <1ms | Measured using iperf3. |

Real-World Performance:

  • Virtual Machine Density: Capable of running approximately 50-75 virtual machines (VMs) with 4 vCPUs and 16 GB RAM each, depending on workload. See Virtualization Best Practices.
  • Database Performance (MySQL): Sustained transaction rates of up to 10,000 TPS (Transactions Per Second) with proper database tuning.
  • Web Server Performance (Apache): Capable of handling up to 500 concurrent users with consistent response times under 200ms.
  • Big Data Processing (Spark): Demonstrates excellent performance in data processing tasks, with a typical job completion time reduction of 20% compared to similar configurations without the 25GbE NIC and fast storage tiering.

3. Recommended Use Cases

This Cloud Computing Infrastructure configuration is ideal for a wide range of applications, including:

  • Virtualization Host: The high core count, large memory capacity, and fast storage make it an excellent host for running virtual machines. See VMware vs. Hyper-V for virtualization platform options.
  • Cloud Databases: Suitable for hosting demanding database applications such as MySQL, PostgreSQL, and SQL Server.
  • Web Hosting: Capable of handling high-traffic websites and web applications.
  • Application Servers: Provides the resources needed to run complex application servers.
  • Big Data Analytics: Ideal for running big data processing frameworks like Hadoop and Spark.
  • DevOps Environments: Supports continuous integration and continuous delivery (CI/CD) pipelines.
  • Containerization: Perfect for hosting containerized applications using Docker and Kubernetes. Container Orchestration is a key aspect of this.
  • VDI (Virtual Desktop Infrastructure): Supports a moderate number of virtual desktops with good performance.

4. Comparison with Similar Configurations

The following table compares this configuration to two other common server configurations: a standard entry-level cloud server and a high-performance, all-flash storage server.

Server Configuration Comparison
Feature Cloud Computing Infrastructure (This Config) Entry-Level Cloud Server High-Performance All-Flash Server
CPU Intel Xeon Gold 6338 (32C/64T) Intel Xeon Silver 4310 (12C/24T) Intel Xeon Platinum 8380 (40C/80T)
RAM 512 GB DDR4-3200 ECC RDIMM 128 GB DDR4-2666 ECC RDIMM 1 TB DDR4-3200 ECC RDIMM
Storage 24 TB SAS HDD (RAID 6) + 3.84 TB SAS SSD Cache 8 TB SAS HDD (RAID 5) 16 TB NVMe SSD (RAID 1)
Network 10GbE + 25GbE 10GbE 2 x 25GbE
Power Supply 2 x 1100W Platinum 2 x 750W Gold 2 x 1600W Platinum
Price (Estimated) $15,000 - $20,000 $8,000 - $12,000 $30,000 - $40,000
Ideal Use Cases Versatile; VDI, Databases, Web Hosting, Big Data Small to medium-sized businesses, light virtualization High-performance databases, demanding applications, low-latency workloads

Key Differences:

  • Entry-Level: Offers a lower cost but compromises on performance and capacity. Suitable for less demanding workloads.
  • All-Flash: Provides significantly higher IOPS and lower latency but at a much higher cost. Best suited for applications that require extreme I/O performance. SSD Technology provides significant benefits.

5. Maintenance Considerations

Maintaining this infrastructure requires careful planning and execution.

5.1 Cooling

  • Ambient Temperature: Maintain a server room temperature between 20°C and 25°C (68°F and 77°F).
  • Airflow: Ensure adequate airflow around the server chassis. Avoid blocking vents.
  • Fan Monitoring: Regularly monitor fan speeds and replace failing fans promptly. The IPMI interface provides fan speed monitoring.
  • Dust Control: Implement a regular dust removal schedule to prevent overheating.

5.2 Power Requirements

  • Total Power Consumption: Maximum power consumption is approximately 1500W.
  • Power Redundancy: Utilize both power supplies and connect them to separate power circuits for redundancy.
  • UPS (Uninterruptible Power Supply): Implement a UPS to protect against power outages. See Power Protection Strategies.
  • Circuit Breakers: Ensure circuits are appropriately sized for the server's power requirements.

5.3 Storage Maintenance

  • RAID Monitoring: Continuously monitor the RAID array for drive failures and rebuild status.
  • Drive Replacement: Replace failing drives promptly to maintain data integrity and performance.
  • Firmware Updates: Regularly update the firmware on the RAID controller and storage devices.
  • Data Backups: Implement a robust data backup strategy, including offsite backups. See Data Backup and Recovery.

5.4 Network Maintenance

  • Firmware Updates: Keep the network interface card (NIC) firmware up to date.
  • Cable Management: Maintain organized cable management for easy troubleshooting and maintenance.
  • Network Monitoring: Monitor network performance and identify potential bottlenecks.

5.5 Software Maintenance

  • Operating System Updates: Apply security patches and updates to the operating system regularly.
  • Hypervisor Updates: Keep the hypervisor (if used) up to date.
  • Firmware Updates (BMC): Update the BMC firmware for security and functionality improvements.

5.6 Physical Security

  • Rack Security: Secure the server rack to prevent unauthorized access.
  • Access Control: Implement access control measures to restrict physical access to the server room.

Server Hardware Troubleshooting provides in-depth guidance on common server issues. Regular preventative maintenance is key to ensuring long-term reliability and performance. ```


Intel-Based Server Configurations

Configuration Specifications Benchmark
Core i7-6700K/7700 Server 64 GB DDR4, NVMe SSD 2 x 512 GB CPU Benchmark: 8046
Core i7-8700 Server 64 GB DDR4, NVMe SSD 2x1 TB CPU Benchmark: 13124
Core i9-9900K Server 128 GB DDR4, NVMe SSD 2 x 1 TB CPU Benchmark: 49969
Core i9-13900 Server (64GB) 64 GB RAM, 2x2 TB NVMe SSD
Core i9-13900 Server (128GB) 128 GB RAM, 2x2 TB NVMe SSD
Core i5-13500 Server (64GB) 64 GB RAM, 2x500 GB NVMe SSD
Core i5-13500 Server (128GB) 128 GB RAM, 2x500 GB NVMe SSD
Core i5-13500 Workstation 64 GB DDR5 RAM, 2 NVMe SSD, NVIDIA RTX 4000

AMD-Based Server Configurations

Configuration Specifications Benchmark
Ryzen 5 3600 Server 64 GB RAM, 2x480 GB NVMe CPU Benchmark: 17849
Ryzen 7 7700 Server 64 GB DDR5 RAM, 2x1 TB NVMe CPU Benchmark: 35224
Ryzen 9 5950X Server 128 GB RAM, 2x4 TB NVMe CPU Benchmark: 46045
Ryzen 9 7950X Server 128 GB DDR5 ECC, 2x2 TB NVMe CPU Benchmark: 63561
EPYC 7502P Server (128GB/1TB) 128 GB RAM, 1 TB NVMe CPU Benchmark: 48021
EPYC 7502P Server (128GB/2TB) 128 GB RAM, 2 TB NVMe CPU Benchmark: 48021
EPYC 7502P Server (128GB/4TB) 128 GB RAM, 2x2 TB NVMe CPU Benchmark: 48021
EPYC 7502P Server (256GB/1TB) 256 GB RAM, 1 TB NVMe CPU Benchmark: 48021
EPYC 7502P Server (256GB/4TB) 256 GB RAM, 2x2 TB NVMe CPU Benchmark: 48021
EPYC 9454P Server 256 GB RAM, 2x2 TB NVMe

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⚠️ *Note: All benchmark scores are approximate and may vary based on configuration. Server availability subject to stock.* ⚠️

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