Performance Optimization

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  1. Performance Optimization

This article details server configuration options for improving the performance of a MediaWiki 1.40 installation. Optimizing performance is crucial for a positive user experience, especially as your wiki grows. We’ll cover database optimization, caching strategies, and web server tuning. This guide is aimed at system administrators and those familiar with server configuration.

1. Database Optimization

The database is often the biggest bottleneck in a MediaWiki installation. Choosing the right database and configuring it correctly are vital. We will focus on MySQL/MariaDB, as they are the most common choices.

1.1 Database Engine

InnoDB is the recommended storage engine for MediaWiki. It provides transaction support and better data integrity than MyISAM.

1.2 Key Configuration Variables

Here are some key MySQL/MariaDB variables to tune:

Variable Description Recommended Value
`innodb_buffer_pool_size` The size of the buffer pool, which caches data and indexes in memory. 50-80% of available RAM
`innodb_log_file_size` The size of each InnoDB log file. Larger files reduce checkpointing frequency. 256M - 1G (depending on write load)
`query_cache_size` (Deprecated in MySQL 8.0, MariaDB still supports it) The size of the query cache. 0 (Generally disabled in modern setups. Use alternative caching layers)
`max_connections` The maximum number of simultaneous client connections. 150-300 (Adjust based on user load)
`key_buffer_size` (MyISAM only, if still in use) The size of the key buffer. 16M - 64M (if MyISAM tables exist)

1.3 Indexing

Proper indexing is crucial for query performance. Ensure indexes are created on frequently queried columns, such as `page_title`, `page_id`, and `user_id`. Use `EXPLAIN` to analyze query performance and identify missing indexes. See Manual:Database for more information.

2. Caching Strategies

Caching reduces the load on the database by storing frequently accessed data in memory. MediaWiki provides several caching mechanisms.

2.1 Memcached/Redis

Using an external caching system like Memcached or Redis is highly recommended. These systems can cache query results, parser output, and other frequently accessed data. Configure MediaWiki to use these caches via the `wgMemCachedServers` and `wgRedisServers` settings in `LocalSettings.php`.

2.2 Opcode Cache

An [opcode cache](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opcode_cache) (e.g., APCu, OPcache) caches the compiled PHP code, reducing the time it takes to execute scripts. Ensure an opcode cache is enabled and configured on your web server.

2.3 MediaWiki Caching

MediaWiki has built-in caching mechanisms. These include:

Cache Type Description Configuration
Parser Cache Caches the output of the parser. `$wgParserCacheType = 'redis';` or `$wgParserCacheType = 'memcached';`
Query Cache (Partially replaced by external caches) Caches database query results. `$wgCachePages['query'] = true;`
Output Cache Caches rendered pages. `$wgCachePages['all'] = true;`

3. Web Server Tuning

The web server (e.g., Apache, Nginx) also plays a crucial role in performance.

3.1 Apache Configuration

If using Apache, consider using `mod_php` with a persistent PHP process manager like `mod_fcgid` or `mod_proxy_fcgi`. Disable unnecessary modules. Increase the `MaxRequestWorkers` setting to handle more concurrent requests. See Manual:Configuration for details.

3.2 Nginx Configuration

Nginx is often a better choice for high-traffic MediaWiki installations. Configure Nginx to serve static files directly and use PHP-FPM for PHP processing. Adjust worker processes and connection limits. Ensure proper caching headers are set for static assets. See Manual:Nginx for guidance.

3.3 PHP Configuration

Optimize the `php.ini` file. Key settings include:

Setting Description Recommended Value
`memory_limit` The maximum amount of memory a PHP script can allocate. 256M - 512M (depending on wiki size)
`max_execution_time` The maximum time a PHP script can run. 30 - 60 seconds
`post_max_size` The maximum size of POST data. 8M - 16M
`upload_max_filesize` The maximum size of uploaded files. 8M - 16M

4. Monitoring and Analysis

Regular monitoring is essential to identify performance bottlenecks. Use tools like:

  • Special:Statistics - Provides basic wiki statistics.
  • MySQL/MariaDB performance monitoring tools (e.g., `mysqltuner.pl`, Percona Monitoring and Management).
  • Web server logs (access logs and error logs).
  • System monitoring tools (e.g., `top`, `htop`, `vmstat`).

5. Future Considerations

  • Consider using a Content Delivery Network (CDN) for static assets.
  • Regularly review and optimize database queries.
  • Keep MediaWiki and all its dependencies updated to the latest versions for bug fixes and performance improvements.
  • Explore using a load balancer to distribute traffic across multiple servers. Refer to Manual:Load balancer.


Manual:Configuration Manual:Database Manual:Nginx Special:Statistics Help:Contents Extension:Memcached Extension:Redis Manual:PHP Manual:Upgrading Manual:Command-line tools Manual:API Manual:Shortcuts Help:Editing Help:Linking Special:Search Special:AllPages Special:ListUsers Special:RecentChanges Special:Watchlist Special:MyPreferences


Intel-Based Server Configurations

Configuration Specifications Benchmark
Core i7-6700K/7700 Server 64 GB DDR4, NVMe SSD 2 x 512 GB CPU Benchmark: 8046
Core i7-8700 Server 64 GB DDR4, NVMe SSD 2x1 TB CPU Benchmark: 13124
Core i9-9900K Server 128 GB DDR4, NVMe SSD 2 x 1 TB CPU Benchmark: 49969
Core i9-13900 Server (64GB) 64 GB RAM, 2x2 TB NVMe SSD
Core i9-13900 Server (128GB) 128 GB RAM, 2x2 TB NVMe SSD
Core i5-13500 Server (64GB) 64 GB RAM, 2x500 GB NVMe SSD
Core i5-13500 Server (128GB) 128 GB RAM, 2x500 GB NVMe SSD
Core i5-13500 Workstation 64 GB DDR5 RAM, 2 NVMe SSD, NVIDIA RTX 4000

AMD-Based Server Configurations

Configuration Specifications Benchmark
Ryzen 5 3600 Server 64 GB RAM, 2x480 GB NVMe CPU Benchmark: 17849
Ryzen 7 7700 Server 64 GB DDR5 RAM, 2x1 TB NVMe CPU Benchmark: 35224
Ryzen 9 5950X Server 128 GB RAM, 2x4 TB NVMe CPU Benchmark: 46045
Ryzen 9 7950X Server 128 GB DDR5 ECC, 2x2 TB NVMe CPU Benchmark: 63561
EPYC 7502P Server (128GB/1TB) 128 GB RAM, 1 TB NVMe CPU Benchmark: 48021
EPYC 7502P Server (128GB/2TB) 128 GB RAM, 2 TB NVMe CPU Benchmark: 48021
EPYC 7502P Server (128GB/4TB) 128 GB RAM, 2x2 TB NVMe CPU Benchmark: 48021
EPYC 7502P Server (256GB/1TB) 256 GB RAM, 1 TB NVMe CPU Benchmark: 48021
EPYC 7502P Server (256GB/4TB) 256 GB RAM, 2x2 TB NVMe CPU Benchmark: 48021
EPYC 9454P Server 256 GB RAM, 2x2 TB NVMe

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