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  1. Hetzner Online Server Configuration – A Beginner's Guide

This article details configuring a MediaWiki instance on a server provided by Hetzner Online, a popular German hosting provider. It's aimed at newcomers to both Hetzner and MediaWiki administration. We will cover server selection, initial setup, and basic software installation, focusing on a Debian-based environment, which is commonly used.

== Server Selection and Initial Access

Hetzner offers a variety of server options, ranging from virtual private servers (VPS) to dedicated hardware. For most MediaWiki installations, a VPS is sufficient. When selecting a VPS, consider the following:

  • **CPU Cores:** At least 2 cores are recommended for moderate traffic.
  • **RAM:** 4GB is a good starting point, but 8GB or more is preferable for larger wikis or higher traffic.
  • **Storage:** SSD storage is crucial for performance. 80GB is a reasonable minimum, increasing with wiki size.
  • **Network Bandwidth:** Ensure sufficient bandwidth to handle anticipated traffic.

After ordering your server, Hetzner will provide you with access details via email:

  • **IP Address:** The public IP address of your server.
  • **Root Password:** Use this to log in directly via SSH.
  • **Console Access:** Access the server via a web-based console.

Use an SSH client (like PuTTY on Windows or the built-in `ssh` command on macOS/Linux) to connect to your server:

```bash ssh root@your_server_ip ```

== Initial Server Setup (Debian)

Once logged in, update the package lists and upgrade existing packages:

```bash apt update apt upgrade ```

It's highly recommended to create a new user with `sudo` privileges instead of working directly as `root`.

```bash adduser your_username usermod -aG sudo your_username ```

Switch to the new user:

```bash su - your_username ```

Configure a firewall. `ufw` (Uncomplicated Firewall) is a simple and effective option:

```bash apt install ufw ufw allow ssh ufw enable ufw status ```

== Software Installation: LAMP Stack

MediaWiki requires a web server, a database, and PHP. We will install a LAMP (Linux, Apache, MySQL/MariaDB, PHP) stack.

=== Apache Web Server

```bash apt install apache2 systemctl start apache2 systemctl enable apache2 ```

Verify that Apache is running by opening your server's IP address in a web browser. You should see the default Apache welcome page.

=== MariaDB Database Server

```bash apt install mariadb-server mariadb-client systemctl start mariadb systemctl enable mariadb ```

Secure your MariaDB installation:

```bash mysql_secure_installation ```

Follow the prompts to set a root password, remove anonymous users, disallow remote root login, and remove the test database.

=== PHP and Required Extensions

```bash apt install php libapache2-mod-php php-mysql php-gd php-curl php-mbstring php-xml php-zip ```

Restart Apache to load the new PHP modules:

```bash systemctl restart apache2 ```

== MediaWiki Installation

Download the latest version of MediaWiki from the official website: [1](https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Download). Use `wget` to download it directly to your server. For example:

```bash wget https://releases.wikimedia.org/mediawiki/1.40/mediawiki-1.40.0.tar.gz tar -xzvf mediawiki-1.40.0.tar.gz mv mediawiki-1.40.0 /var/www/html/mediawiki chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www/html/mediawiki ```

Create an Apache virtual host configuration for your wiki. Create a new file in `/etc/apache2/sites-available/`:

```bash sudo nano /etc/apache2/sites-available/mediawiki.conf ```

Paste the following configuration (replace `your_domain.com` with your actual domain name or IP address):

```apache <VirtualHost *:80> 

   ServerName your_domain.com
   DocumentRoot /var/www/html/mediawiki

   <Directory /var/www/html/mediawiki>
       Options FollowSymLinks
       AllowOverride All
       Require all granted
   </Directory>

   ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/mediawiki_error.log
   CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/mediawiki_access.log combined

</VirtualHost> ```

Enable the virtual host and restart Apache:

```bash sudo a2ensite mediawiki.conf sudo systemctl restart apache2 ```

== Database Configuration for MediaWiki

Navigate to your wiki's URL in a web browser. The MediaWiki installer will guide you through the configuration process. You will need the following information:

  • **Database Type:** MySQL/MariaDB
  • **Database Name:** Create a new database in MariaDB for MediaWiki.
  • **Database Username:** Create a new database user with appropriate permissions.
  • **Database Password:** Set a strong password for the database user.
  • **Admin Username:** Choose a username for the MediaWiki administrator account.
  • **Admin Password:** Set a strong password for the administrator account.

=== Server Specifications Summary

Here's a table summarizing recommended server specifications:

Specification Minimum Recommended High Traffic
CPU Cores 2 4+ 8+
RAM 4GB 8GB 16GB+
Storage (SSD) 80GB 160GB+ 320GB+
Bandwidth 100 Mbps 500 Mbps 1 Gbps+

=== PHP Version Support

PHP Version Supported
7.4 Yes
8.0 Yes
8.1 Yes
8.2 Yes

=== Common PHP Extensions

Extension Description
php-mysql MySQL database connectivity
php-gd Image manipulation
php-curl Making HTTP requests
php-mbstring Multibyte string support
php-xml XML processing
php-zip Zip archive support

== Further Configuration

After installation, explore the MediaWiki configuration options in `LocalSettings.php` to customize your wiki. Consider installing extensions to add functionality. Regularly back up your wiki's database and files. See Help:Configuration, Help:Extensions, and Help:Backups for more information. Also review Server Maintenance for ongoing upkeep. Remember to consult the official MediaWiki documentation at [2](https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:Configuration) for detailed instructions. For assistance with Troubleshooting, refer to the dedicated help page.


Intel-Based Server Configurations

Configuration Specifications Benchmark
Core i7-6700K/7700 Server 64 GB DDR4, NVMe SSD 2 x 512 GB CPU Benchmark: 8046
Core i7-8700 Server 64 GB DDR4, NVMe SSD 2x1 TB CPU Benchmark: 13124
Core i9-9900K Server 128 GB DDR4, NVMe SSD 2 x 1 TB CPU Benchmark: 49969
Core i9-13900 Server (64GB) 64 GB RAM, 2x2 TB NVMe SSD
Core i9-13900 Server (128GB) 128 GB RAM, 2x2 TB NVMe SSD
Core i5-13500 Server (64GB) 64 GB RAM, 2x500 GB NVMe SSD
Core i5-13500 Server (128GB) 128 GB RAM, 2x500 GB NVMe SSD
Core i5-13500 Workstation 64 GB DDR5 RAM, 2 NVMe SSD, NVIDIA RTX 4000

AMD-Based Server Configurations

Configuration Specifications Benchmark
Ryzen 5 3600 Server 64 GB RAM, 2x480 GB NVMe CPU Benchmark: 17849
Ryzen 7 7700 Server 64 GB DDR5 RAM, 2x1 TB NVMe CPU Benchmark: 35224
Ryzen 9 5950X Server 128 GB RAM, 2x4 TB NVMe CPU Benchmark: 46045
Ryzen 9 7950X Server 128 GB DDR5 ECC, 2x2 TB NVMe CPU Benchmark: 63561
EPYC 7502P Server (128GB/1TB) 128 GB RAM, 1 TB NVMe CPU Benchmark: 48021
EPYC 7502P Server (128GB/2TB) 128 GB RAM, 2 TB NVMe CPU Benchmark: 48021
EPYC 7502P Server (128GB/4TB) 128 GB RAM, 2x2 TB NVMe CPU Benchmark: 48021
EPYC 7502P Server (256GB/1TB) 256 GB RAM, 1 TB NVMe CPU Benchmark: 48021
EPYC 7502P Server (256GB/4TB) 256 GB RAM, 2x2 TB NVMe CPU Benchmark: 48021
EPYC 9454P Server 256 GB RAM, 2x2 TB NVMe

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⚠️ *Note: All benchmark scores are approximate and may vary based on configuration. Server availability subject to stock.* ⚠️

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