Docker Documentation

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This article provides a comprehensive guide to configuring and running MediaWiki 1.40 within a Docker environment. Utilizing Docker simplifies deployment, ensures consistency, and improves scalability. This tutorial is geared towards newcomers to both Docker and MediaWiki server administration.

== Prerequisites

Before beginning, ensure you have the following installed:

  • Docker: The core Docker engine.
  • Docker Compose: For simplified multi-container application management.
  • Basic familiarity with the command line.
  • A basic understanding of MediaWiki installation concepts.

== Docker Image Selection

Multiple Docker images are available for MediaWiki. We recommend using the official image maintained by the MediaWiki community: `docker.io/mediawiki/mediawiki`. This image is regularly updated and includes essential dependencies.

== Docker Compose Configuration

Using Docker Compose simplifies the definition and management of our MediaWiki environment. Create a `docker-compose.yml` file with the following content:

```yaml version: "3.9" services: 

 mediawiki:
   image: docker.io/mediawiki/mediawiki:1.40
   ports:
     - "80:80"
   volumes:
     - ./config:/var/www/html/config
     - ./images:/var/www/html/images
   environment:
     MW_DB_TYPE: mysql
     MW_DB_HOST: db
     MW_DB_NAME: mediawiki
     MW_DB_USER: root
     MW_DB_PASSWORD: password
   depends_on:
     - db

 db:
   image: mysql:8.0
   ports:
     - "3306:3306"
   environment:
     MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: password
     MYSQL_DATABASE: mediawiki

```

This configuration defines two services: `mediawiki` and `db`. The `mediawiki` service uses the official MediaWiki 1.40 image, maps port 80 on the host to port 80 in the container, and mounts local directories for configuration and images. The `db` service uses a MySQL 8.0 image and sets up the necessary environment variables for database access.

== Database Configuration

The `docker-compose.yml` file assumes a MySQL database. The database credentials are defined in the `environment` section. Ensure you modify these for production deployments. You can also use other database types supported by MediaWiki, such as PostgreSQL, by adjusting the `MW_DB_TYPE`, `MW_DB_HOST`, etc., environment variables accordingly.

== Volume Management

The `volumes` section in the `docker-compose.yml` file is crucial for persistent data storage.

  • `./config:/var/www/html/config`: This maps a local directory named `config` to the `/var/www/html/config` directory within the container. This is where your `LocalSettings.php` file will reside.
  • `./images:/var/www/html/images`: This maps a local directory named `images` to the `/var/www/html/images` directory within the container. This is where uploaded images will be stored.

These volumes ensure that your configuration and uploaded files persist even if the container is stopped or removed.

== Initial Setup & LocalSettings.php

1. Navigate to the directory containing your `docker-compose.yml` file in your terminal. 2. Run `docker-compose up -d` to start the containers. This will download the images (if necessary) and start the MediaWiki and MySQL services in detached mode. 3. Access the MediaWiki installation script in your browser using `http://localhost`. You will be guided through the initial setup process. 4. During the setup process, MediaWiki will prompt you to create a `LocalSettings.php` file. This file contains critical configuration settings. The installer will *attempt* to create it, but we need to adjust permissions and potentially add more configuration.

Create a `LocalSettings.php` file in the `./config` directory (which is mapped to the container's `/var/www/html/config` directory). A minimal `LocalSettings.php` would look like this:

```php <?php require_once("$IP/includes/AutoLoad.php"); $wgEnableSMTP = false; $wgSMTP = array(); $wgSecretKey = 'YOUR_SECRET_KEY'; // Replace with a strong, random key $wgSitename = 'MyMediaWiki'; $wgServer = 'http://localhost';

$wgDBtype = 'mysql'; $wgDBserver = 'db'; $wgDBname = 'mediawiki'; $wgDBuser = 'root'; $wgDBpassword = 'password'; ?> ```

    • Important:** Replace `'YOUR_SECRET_KEY'` with a strong, randomly generated string. This key is essential for security.

== Scaling and High Availability

For production environments, consider scaling your MediaWiki deployment using Load Balancing and multiple container instances. Docker Swarm or Kubernetes can be used to manage these deployments.

== Technical Specifications

Below are the recommended technical specifications for a Dockerized MediaWiki 1.40 installation.

Component Minimum Specification Recommended Specification
CPU 1 Core 2+ Cores
RAM 2 GB 4+ GB
Storage 20 GB 50+ GB (SSD Recommended)

The above specifications are for a small to medium-sized wiki. Larger wikis will require more resources.

== Security Considerations

  • **Database Credentials:** Never expose your database credentials in publicly accessible code. Use environment variables as demonstrated in the `docker-compose.yml` file.
  • **Secret Key:** Maintain the confidentiality of your `$wgSecretKey`.
  • **Regular Updates:** Keep your Docker images and MediaWiki software up to date to address security vulnerabilities.
  • **Firewall:** Configure a firewall to restrict access to your MediaWiki server.
  • **HTTPS:** Enable HTTPS to encrypt communication between your server and users. See HTTPS Configuration for details.

== Troubleshooting

| Problem | Possible Solution | |---|---| | Installation script not accessible | Verify Docker containers are running (`docker-compose ps`). Check firewall rules. | | Database connection errors | Verify database credentials in `LocalSettings.php` and `docker-compose.yml`. Ensure the database server is running. | | Slow performance | Increase CPU and RAM allocated to the containers. Use SSD storage. Optimize database queries. |

== Further Resources


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