Cybersecurity Measures

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  1. Cybersecurity Measures - Server Configuration Documentation

This document details the technical specifications, performance characteristics, recommended use cases, comparisons, and maintenance considerations for a server configuration specifically designed for robust cybersecurity applications. This configuration, codenamed "Aegis", prioritizes data integrity, availability, and confidentiality.

1. Hardware Specifications

The "Aegis" configuration is built around a high-redundancy, high-performance architecture. All components are chosen for their reliability and security features.

CPU

  • Model: Dual Intel Xeon Gold 6348 (28 Cores/56 Threads per CPU)
  • Base Clock Speed: 2.6 GHz
  • Turbo Boost Max 3.0: 3.8 GHz
  • Cache: 42 MB Intel Smart Cache per CPU
  • TDP: 270W per CPU
  • Instruction Set Extensions: Intel AVX-512, Intel AES-NI, Intel SGX (Software Guard Extensions) - See Intel SGX for more details.
  • Security Features: Boot Guard, Total Memory Encryption – Multi-Key Encryption (TME) See Total Memory Encryption for more details.

RAM

  • Type: DDR4 ECC Registered (RDIMM)
  • Capacity: 512 GB (16 x 32GB Modules)
  • Speed: 3200 MHz
  • Rank: Dual Rank
  • Error Correction: Multi-bit Error Correction (ECC) with Chipkill technology
  • Security Features: TME support, memory scrubbing features enabled in BIOS. See Memory Scrubbing for further explanation.

Storage

  • Boot Drive: 2 x 480GB NVMe PCIe Gen4 SSD (RAID 1 Mirroring) – Samsung PM1733
   *   Read Speed: Up to 7,000 MB/s
   *   Write Speed: Up to 4,500 MB/s
   *   DWPD (Drive Writes Per Day): 1.0
  • Data Storage: 8 x 8TB SAS 12Gb/s 7.2K RPM Enterprise Class HDD (RAID 6) – Seagate Exos X16
   *   Capacity: 64 TB Usable
   *   Interface: SAS 12Gb/s
   *   MTBF: 2.5 Million Hours
  • Caching Tier: 4 x 1.92TB NVMe PCIe Gen4 SSD (RAID 10) – Intel Optane P4800X
   *   Read Speed: Up to 5000 MB/s
   *   Write Speed: Up to 4000 MB/s
   *   Use Case: High-speed caching for frequently accessed security logs and threat intelligence data. See Storage Tiering for details.

Network Interface Cards (NICs)

  • Onboard: 2 x 10 Gigabit Ethernet (10GbE) ports
  • Add-in Card: 2 x 25 Gigabit Ethernet (25GbE) ports – Mellanox ConnectX-6 Dx
   *   RDMA Support: RoCE v2, iWARP
   *   Security Features: Data Center Bridging (DCB) for lossless Ethernet, SR-IOV (Single Root I/O Virtualization) See SR-IOV for explanation.
  • Dedicated Management NIC: 1 x Gigabit Ethernet port – for IPMI/BMC access.

RAID Controller

  • Model: Broadcom MegaRAID SAS 9460-8i
  • RAID Levels Supported: RAID 0, 1, 5, 6, 10, 50, 60
  • Cache: 8GB DDR4 ECC Cache with Flash Back Write Protection (FBWC)
  • Interface: SAS 12Gb/s
  • Security Feature: RAID card firmware is regularly updated to address security vulnerabilities. See RAID Controller Firmware Updates

Power Supply

  • Redundant Power Supplies: 2 x 1600W 80+ Platinum Certified
  • Input Voltage: 100-240VAC
  • Output Voltage: 12V, 5V, 3.3V
  • Efficiency: Up to 94%
  • Security Feature: Power supplies are monitored for health and redundancy status via IPMI. See Redundant Power Supplies

Chassis & Cooling

  • Form Factor: 2U Rackmount Server
  • Cooling: Redundant Hot-Swap Fans with N+1 redundancy.
  • Chassis Material: Steel with secure access panels.
  • Security Feature: Tamper-evident chassis seals. See Server Physical Security

Baseboard Management Controller (BMC)

  • Model: IPMI 2.0 Compliant BMC
  • Dedicated Network Port: 1GbE
  • Remote Management: KVM-over-IP, Serial-over-LAN, Remote Power Control
  • Security Features: Secure boot, user authentication, event logging. See IPMI Security

Security Modules

  • Trusted Platform Module (TPM) 2.0: Integrated on the motherboard for secure key storage and platform integrity verification. See Trusted Platform Module (TPM)
  • Hardware Security Module (HSM) Support: PCIe slots available for adding a dedicated HSM for cryptographic key management. See Hardware Security Module (HSM)



2. Performance Characteristics

The "Aegis" configuration is designed for demanding cybersecurity workloads. Benchmark results and real-world performance data are detailed below.

Benchmarks

| Benchmark | Score | Notes | |---|---|---| | PassMark CPU Mark | 32,500 | Overall CPU performance. | | SPECint 2017 | 185 | Integer workload performance. | | SPECfp 2017 | 140 | Floating-point workload performance. | | IOmeter (Sequential Read - RAID 6) | 550 MB/s | Represents sustained read performance from the main data storage. | | IOmeter (Sequential Write - RAID 6) | 400 MB/s | Represents sustained write performance to the main data storage. | | IOmeter (Random Read - RAID 10 Cache) | 25,000 IOPS | Random read performance from the caching tier. | | Network Throughput (25GbE) | 23 Gbps | Measured with iperf3. |

Real-World Performance

  • **Intrusion Detection/Prevention System (IDS/IPS):** Capable of processing up to 100 Gbps of network traffic with minimal latency. Using a representative IDS/IPS software package (Suricata) yielded a throughput of 85 Gbps with full inspection enabled. See Network Intrusion Detection Systems
  • **Security Information and Event Management (SIEM):** Handles ingestion of 500,000 events per second (EPS) with an average indexing time of 200ms. The caching tier significantly improves SIEM query performance. See Security Information and Event Management (SIEM)
  • **Vulnerability Scanning:** Completes a full network vulnerability scan (using Nessus Pro) of a 1000-node network in under 4 hours.
  • **Log Analysis:** Processes and analyzes 1TB of security logs per day with an average query response time of under 1 second.
  • **Malware Analysis (Sandboxing):** Supports concurrent execution of up to 20 virtual machine-based malware sandboxes. See Malware Sandboxing



3. Recommended Use Cases

The "Aegis" configuration is ideal for the following applications:

  • **Security Operations Center (SOC):** Core infrastructure for a SOC, providing the processing power and storage capacity for SIEM, IDS/IPS, threat intelligence platforms, and malware analysis.
  • **Threat Intelligence Platform:** Hosting and processing large volumes of threat data feeds, providing real-time threat detection and response capabilities.
  • **Vulnerability Management:** Running vulnerability scanners and managing vulnerability remediation workflows.
  • **Data Loss Prevention (DLP):** Analyzing network traffic and data at rest to prevent sensitive data from leaving the organization. See Data Loss Prevention (DLP)
  • **Incident Response:** Providing a secure and isolated environment for investigating and responding to security incidents.
  • **High-Security Database Hosting:** Securely hosting databases containing sensitive information, utilizing TME and HSM integration.
  • **Secure Enclaves:** Utilizing Intel SGX to create isolated execution environments for sensitive operations. See Secure Enclaves

4. Comparison with Similar Configurations

The "Aegis" configuration represents a premium option focused on security and performance. Here's a comparison with other common configurations:

Comparison of Server Configurations
Configuration Name CPU RAM Storage Network Estimated Cost
Dual Intel Xeon Gold 6348 | 512GB DDR4 ECC | 64TB SAS + 8TB NVMe Cache | 25GbE + 10GbE | $25,000 - $35,000 |
Dual Intel Xeon Silver 4310 | 128GB DDR4 ECC | 32TB SAS + 2TB NVMe Cache | 10GbE | $12,000 - $18,000 |
Dual Intel Xeon Platinum 8380 | 256GB DDR4 ECC | 64TB NVMe | 100GbE | $40,000 - $60,000 |
Dual Intel Xeon E-2336 | 64GB DDR4 ECC | 16TB SAS | 1GbE | $6,000 - $10,000 |
  • **Security Lite:** A more affordable option suitable for smaller organizations with less demanding security requirements. It offers reduced processing power, memory, and storage capacity.
  • **Performance Focused:** Prioritizes raw performance with a higher-end CPU and all-NVMe storage. This configuration is ideal for applications requiring extremely fast data access but may sacrifice some redundancy and security features.
  • **Budget Security:** A basic configuration for organizations with limited budgets. It offers minimal performance and scalability.

The "Aegis" configuration strikes a balance between performance, security, redundancy, and cost, making it suitable for medium to large organizations with critical security needs.



5. Maintenance Considerations

Maintaining the "Aegis" configuration requires careful planning and execution to ensure optimal performance and security.

Cooling

  • The server generates a significant amount of heat due to the high-performance CPUs and storage components. Ensure the server room has adequate cooling capacity.
  • Regularly inspect and clean the server fans to prevent dust buildup.
  • Monitor CPU temperatures using IPMI or server management software.

Power Requirements

  • The server requires a dedicated 208-240VAC power circuit with a minimum of 30 amps.
  • The redundant power supplies provide failover protection, but it's crucial to ensure both power supplies are connected to separate power sources.
  • Use a UPS (Uninterruptible Power Supply) to protect the server from power outages. See Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS)

Storage Maintenance

  • Regularly monitor the health of the RAID array using the MegaRAID Storage Manager.
  • Perform proactive RAID rebuilds to ensure data integrity.
  • Implement a data backup and recovery plan. See Data Backup and Recovery
  • Monitor SSD wear levels and replace drives as needed.

Firmware Updates

  • Regularly update the firmware for all components, including the BIOS, RAID controller, NICs, and storage devices. See Server Firmware Updates
  • Subscribe to security advisories from the component manufacturers to stay informed about vulnerabilities.

Security Audits

  • Conduct regular security audits to identify and address potential vulnerabilities.
  • Implement strong access control policies to restrict access to the server.
  • Enable logging and monitoring to track security events.

Physical Security

  • The server should be housed in a secure data center with restricted access.
  • Implement physical security measures such as surveillance cameras, alarm systems, and access control systems. See Data Center Security

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Intel-Based Server Configurations

Configuration Specifications Benchmark
Core i7-6700K/7700 Server 64 GB DDR4, NVMe SSD 2 x 512 GB CPU Benchmark: 8046
Core i7-8700 Server 64 GB DDR4, NVMe SSD 2x1 TB CPU Benchmark: 13124
Core i9-9900K Server 128 GB DDR4, NVMe SSD 2 x 1 TB CPU Benchmark: 49969
Core i9-13900 Server (64GB) 64 GB RAM, 2x2 TB NVMe SSD
Core i9-13900 Server (128GB) 128 GB RAM, 2x2 TB NVMe SSD
Core i5-13500 Server (64GB) 64 GB RAM, 2x500 GB NVMe SSD
Core i5-13500 Server (128GB) 128 GB RAM, 2x500 GB NVMe SSD
Core i5-13500 Workstation 64 GB DDR5 RAM, 2 NVMe SSD, NVIDIA RTX 4000

AMD-Based Server Configurations

Configuration Specifications Benchmark
Ryzen 5 3600 Server 64 GB RAM, 2x480 GB NVMe CPU Benchmark: 17849
Ryzen 7 7700 Server 64 GB DDR5 RAM, 2x1 TB NVMe CPU Benchmark: 35224
Ryzen 9 5950X Server 128 GB RAM, 2x4 TB NVMe CPU Benchmark: 46045
Ryzen 9 7950X Server 128 GB DDR5 ECC, 2x2 TB NVMe CPU Benchmark: 63561
EPYC 7502P Server (128GB/1TB) 128 GB RAM, 1 TB NVMe CPU Benchmark: 48021
EPYC 7502P Server (128GB/2TB) 128 GB RAM, 2 TB NVMe CPU Benchmark: 48021
EPYC 7502P Server (128GB/4TB) 128 GB RAM, 2x2 TB NVMe CPU Benchmark: 48021
EPYC 7502P Server (256GB/1TB) 256 GB RAM, 1 TB NVMe CPU Benchmark: 48021
EPYC 7502P Server (256GB/4TB) 256 GB RAM, 2x2 TB NVMe CPU Benchmark: 48021
EPYC 9454P Server 256 GB RAM, 2x2 TB NVMe

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⚠️ *Note: All benchmark scores are approximate and may vary based on configuration. Server availability subject to stock.* ⚠️

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