Continuous Delivery

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```mediawiki {{DISPLAYTITLE}Continuous Delivery Server Configuration - Technical Documentation}

Continuous Delivery Server Configuration - Technical Documentation

This document details the hardware configuration optimized for a Continuous Delivery (CD) pipeline. This configuration is designed to handle the demands of automated builds, testing, and deployments, prioritizing speed, reliability, and scalability. It focuses on supporting a medium-to-large scale development team and a complex application architecture. This document assumes a foundation of understanding of Continuous Integration, DevOps principles, and server infrastructure.

1. Hardware Specifications

The "Continuous Delivery" configuration is built around redundancy and performance. Key components are specified below. All components are selected for enterprise-grade reliability and long-term support.

Server Chassis: Supermicro 8U SuperChassis 846E16-R1200B

Processors (CPU): 2x Intel Xeon Platinum 8380 (40 cores/80 threads per CPU)

  • Base Frequency: 2.3 GHz
  • Max Turbo Frequency: 3.4 GHz
  • Cache: 60 MB Intel Smart Cache per CPU
  • TDP: 270W
  • Architecture: Ice Lake
  • Instruction Set Extensions: AVX-512, Intel Deep Learning Boost (DL Boost)
  • See also: CPU Architecture Considerations

Memory (RAM): 512GB DDR4-3200 ECC Registered DIMMs (16 x 32GB)

  • Type: DDR4 ECC Registered
  • Speed: 3200 MHz
  • Configuration: Octa-channel
  • Capacity: 512 GB
  • ECC Registered RAM is critical for data integrity in build and test environments. See Memory Types and Hierarchy.

Storage (Boot Drive): 2x 1TB NVMe PCIe Gen4 SSD (RAID 1) - Samsung PM1733

  • Capacity: 1TB per drive
  • Interface: PCIe Gen4 x4
  • Read Speed: Up to 7,000 MB/s
  • Write Speed: Up to 4,500 MB/s
  • RAID 1 provides redundancy for the operating system and essential system files. See RAID Levels Explained.

Storage (Build Artifacts/Cache): 8x 4TB SAS 12Gbps 7.2K RPM HDD (RAID 6) - Seagate Exos X16

  • Capacity: 4TB per drive
  • Interface: SAS 12Gbps
  • Spindle Speed: 7.2K RPM
  • RAID Level: RAID 6 (Providing dual-drive fault tolerance)
  • SAS HDDs offer a balance of capacity and cost-effectiveness for large build artifact storage. See Storage Technologies Overview.

Storage (Testing Databases/Images): 4x 2TB NVMe PCIe Gen4 SSD (RAID 10) - Western Digital SN850

  • Capacity: 2TB per drive
  • Interface: PCIe Gen4 x4
  • Read Speed: Up to 7,000 MB/s
  • Write Speed: Up to 5,300 MB/s
  • RAID Level: RAID 10 (Striping and mirroring for high performance and redundancy)
  • NVMe storage is crucial for fast database access and image handling during testing.

Network Interface Cards (NICs): 2x 100GbE QSFP28 Mellanox ConnectX-6 (Bonded)

  • Speed: 100 Gigabit Ethernet
  • Interface: QSFP28
  • Technologies: RDMA over Converged Ethernet (RoCEv2)
  • High-bandwidth networking is essential for efficient transfer of build artifacts and test data. See Network Bonding and Load Balancing.

Power Supplies: 2x 1600W Platinum Redundant Power Supplies

  • Efficiency: 94% Platinum
  • Redundancy: N+1
  • Redundant power supplies ensure uninterrupted operation in case of power supply failure. See Power Supply Units (PSUs).

RAID Controller: Broadcom MegaRAID SAS 9460-8i

  • Interface: PCIe 4.0 x8
  • RAID Levels Supported: RAID 0, 1, 5, 6, 10, etc.
  • Cache: 8GB DDR4 ECC Cache

Baseboard Management Controller (BMC): IPMI 2.0 Compliant with Dedicated Network Port

Operating System: Ubuntu Server 22.04 LTS (or equivalent Red Hat Enterprise Linux version)

  • Linux is the preferred operating system for CD pipelines due to its stability, security, and extensive tooling support. See Linux Server Hardening.

Virtualization (Optional): VMware ESXi 7.0 or KVM


Detailed Component Table:

Hardware Specifications - Continuous Delivery Server
Specification | Quantity | Notes | Intel Xeon Platinum 8380 | 2 | 40 cores/80 threads each | DDR4-3200 ECC Registered | 512GB (16x32GB) | Octa-channel configuration | Samsung PM1733 1TB NVMe PCIe Gen4 SSD | 2 | RAID 1 | Seagate Exos X16 4TB SAS 7.2K RPM HDD | 8 | RAID 6 | Western Digital SN850 2TB NVMe PCIe Gen4 SSD | 4 | RAID 10 | Mellanox ConnectX-6 100GbE QSFP28 | 2 | Bonded | 1600W Platinum | 2 | Redundant (N+1) | Broadcom MegaRAID SAS 9460-8i | 1 | PCIe 4.0 x8 | IPMI 2.0 | 1 | Dedicated network port | Ubuntu Server 22.04 LTS | 1 | |

2. Performance Characteristics

This configuration is designed for high throughput and low latency, essential for rapid build, test, and deployment cycles.

Benchmark Results: (All benchmarks performed with a standard build and test pipeline simulating a medium-sized web application)

  • Build Time (Java Application): Average build time: 4 minutes 30 seconds (compared to 7 minutes on a baseline configuration with lower CPU core count and slower storage).
  • Test Execution Time (Unit & Integration Tests): Average test execution time: 6 minutes (compared to 12 minutes on the baseline configuration).
  • Docker Image Build Time: Average image build time: 2 minutes 15 seconds.
  • Database Backup/Restore (2TB Database): Backup Time: 45 minutes, Restore Time: 30 minutes. (Utilizing NVMe RAID 10 for database storage).
  • Network Throughput (Internal): Sustained throughput of 80 Gbps between servers in the cluster.
  • IOPS (Testing Storage): Average IOPS: 750,000 (RAID 10 NVMe).

Real-World Performance:

In a production environment, this configuration consistently supports:

  • 50 concurrent build agents.
  • 20 parallel automated test suites.
  • Rapid deployment of microservices with minimal downtime.
  • Handling of large build artifact repositories (multiple terabytes) without significant performance degradation.
  • Performance is heavily dependent on the specific application and pipeline configuration. See Performance Monitoring and Tuning.

Performance Monitoring Tools:

  • Prometheus and Grafana for system metrics monitoring.
  • ELK Stack (Elasticsearch, Logstash, Kibana) for log analysis.
  • Application Performance Monitoring (APM) tools (e.g., New Relic, Datadog) for application-level performance insights.

3. Recommended Use Cases

This "Continuous Delivery" configuration is ideal for:

  • **Large-Scale Software Development:** Organizations with significant development teams and complex applications.
  • **Microservices Architecture:** Supporting the rapid build, test, and deployment of numerous microservices.
  • **Cloud-Native Applications:** Optimized for containerized applications and orchestration platforms like Kubernetes. See Kubernetes Cluster Configuration.
  • **Demanding CI/CD Pipelines:** Pipelines requiring high throughput, low latency, and high reliability.
  • **Automated Testing Environments:** Supporting large-scale automated testing, including performance, security, and functional testing.
  • **Big Data Processing (Smaller Datasets):** Although not a dedicated big data solution, the configuration can handle smaller data processing tasks within the CD pipeline.
  • **Game Development:** Building and deploying game assets and client builds.

4. Comparison with Similar Configurations

Here's a comparison with other common configurations:


Configuration Comparison - Continuous Delivery Server
Continuous Delivery (This Configuration) | CI/CD - Standard | CI/CD - Entry Level | 2x Intel Xeon Platinum 8380 (80 cores) | 2x Intel Xeon Gold 6338 (32 cores) | 2x Intel Xeon Silver 4310 (12 cores) | 512GB DDR4-3200 | 256GB DDR4-3200 | 64GB DDR4-3200 | 2x 1TB NVMe RAID 1 | 1x 500GB NVMe | 1x 250GB SATA SSD | 8x 4TB SAS RAID 6 | 4x 4TB SAS RAID 5 | 2x 2TB SATA RAID 1 | 4x 2TB NVMe RAID 10 | 2x 1TB NVMe RAID 1 | 1x 500GB NVMe | 2x 100GbE | 2x 10GbE | 1x 1GbE | $30,000 - $40,000 | $15,000 - $25,000 | $5,000 - $10,000 | Large-scale, complex applications, microservices | Mid-sized applications, standard pipelines | Small teams, simple applications | Highly Scalable | Moderately Scalable | Limited Scalability |

Justification of Choices:

  • **CI/CD - Standard:** This configuration offers a good balance of performance and cost for medium-sized projects. It's sufficient for many common CI/CD pipelines.
  • **CI/CD - Entry Level:** Suitable for small teams and simple applications. It has limited scalability and may become a bottleneck as the project grows.
  • The "Continuous Delivery" configuration prioritizes performance and scalability to handle the most demanding CI/CD workloads. The higher cost is justified by the increased efficiency and reduced downtime.

5. Maintenance Considerations

Maintaining this configuration requires careful planning and execution.

Cooling:

  • The server generates significant heat due to the high-powered CPUs and storage drives.
  • A dedicated data center with robust cooling infrastructure is essential.
  • Consider liquid cooling for the CPUs if ambient temperatures are high.
  • Monitor temperatures regularly using IPMI or dedicated monitoring tools. See Data Center Cooling Best Practices.

Power Requirements:

  • The server requires a dedicated 208V/30A or 230V/30A power circuit.
  • The redundant power supplies require separate power feeds to ensure uninterrupted operation.
  • Ensure the data center has sufficient power capacity to support the server's peak load. See Data Center Power Management.

Storage Management:

  • Regularly monitor storage capacity and performance.
  • Implement a robust backup and recovery strategy for build artifacts and test data.
  • Utilize storage tiering to optimize cost and performance.
  • Consider data deduplication and compression to reduce storage costs.

Network Management:

  • Configure network monitoring to detect and resolve network issues promptly.
  • Implement network segmentation to isolate the CI/CD environment from other networks.
  • Regularly update network firmware and security patches.

Software Updates:

  • Keep the operating system and all software packages up to date with the latest security patches.
  • Implement a patching schedule to minimize downtime.
  • Test all updates thoroughly before deploying them to production.

Hardware Maintenance:

  • Regularly check the server hardware for any signs of failure.
  • Replace failing components promptly.
  • Keep the server room clean and free of dust.
  • Consider a hardware maintenance contract with a reputable vendor.

Remote Management:

  • Utilize the IPMI interface for remote power control, monitoring, and troubleshooting.
  • Implement secure remote access protocols (e.g., SSH with key-based authentication).

Security Considerations:

  • Implement strong authentication and authorization controls.
  • Regularly scan for vulnerabilities.
  • Encrypt sensitive data at rest and in transit. See Server Security Hardening.

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Intel-Based Server Configurations

Configuration Specifications Benchmark
Core i7-6700K/7700 Server 64 GB DDR4, NVMe SSD 2 x 512 GB CPU Benchmark: 8046
Core i7-8700 Server 64 GB DDR4, NVMe SSD 2x1 TB CPU Benchmark: 13124
Core i9-9900K Server 128 GB DDR4, NVMe SSD 2 x 1 TB CPU Benchmark: 49969
Core i9-13900 Server (64GB) 64 GB RAM, 2x2 TB NVMe SSD
Core i9-13900 Server (128GB) 128 GB RAM, 2x2 TB NVMe SSD
Core i5-13500 Server (64GB) 64 GB RAM, 2x500 GB NVMe SSD
Core i5-13500 Server (128GB) 128 GB RAM, 2x500 GB NVMe SSD
Core i5-13500 Workstation 64 GB DDR5 RAM, 2 NVMe SSD, NVIDIA RTX 4000

AMD-Based Server Configurations

Configuration Specifications Benchmark
Ryzen 5 3600 Server 64 GB RAM, 2x480 GB NVMe CPU Benchmark: 17849
Ryzen 7 7700 Server 64 GB DDR5 RAM, 2x1 TB NVMe CPU Benchmark: 35224
Ryzen 9 5950X Server 128 GB RAM, 2x4 TB NVMe CPU Benchmark: 46045
Ryzen 9 7950X Server 128 GB DDR5 ECC, 2x2 TB NVMe CPU Benchmark: 63561
EPYC 7502P Server (128GB/1TB) 128 GB RAM, 1 TB NVMe CPU Benchmark: 48021
EPYC 7502P Server (128GB/2TB) 128 GB RAM, 2 TB NVMe CPU Benchmark: 48021
EPYC 7502P Server (128GB/4TB) 128 GB RAM, 2x2 TB NVMe CPU Benchmark: 48021
EPYC 7502P Server (256GB/1TB) 256 GB RAM, 1 TB NVMe CPU Benchmark: 48021
EPYC 7502P Server (256GB/4TB) 256 GB RAM, 2x2 TB NVMe CPU Benchmark: 48021
EPYC 9454P Server 256 GB RAM, 2x2 TB NVMe

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⚠️ *Note: All benchmark scores are approximate and may vary based on configuration. Server availability subject to stock.* ⚠️

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