Cloud Server Infrastructure

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Cloud Server Infrastructure - Technical Documentation

Introduction

This document details the technical specifications, performance characteristics, recommended use cases, comparisons, and maintenance considerations for our standard "Cloud Server Infrastructure" configuration. This configuration is designed to provide a balance of performance, scalability, and cost-effectiveness for a wide range of cloud-based applications. This represents a foundational building block for many of our cloud services, and understanding its capabilities is crucial for effective application deployment and management. This document is intended for system administrators, DevOps engineers, and other technical personnel. Refer to Cloud Service Level Agreements for support terms.

1. Hardware Specifications

The Cloud Server Infrastructure leverages a highly standardized and modular design for ease of maintenance, scalability, and cost optimization. All components are sourced from qualified vendors and undergo rigorous testing before deployment.

Compute Node

CPU: Dual Intel Xeon Gold 6338 (32 Cores/64 Threads per CPU) – Total 64 Cores / 128 Threads. Base Clock: 2.0 GHz, Turbo Boost: 3.4 GHz. Supports Advanced Vector Extensions 512 (AVX-512) for accelerated scientific computing. See CPU Selection Guide for details on processor choices.
RAM: 256 GB DDR4-3200 ECC Registered DIMMs. Configured as 8 x 32GB modules for optimal channel interleaving. Utilizes Load-Reduced DIMMs (LRDIMMs) for increased capacity and performance. Memory is managed by the Hypervisor for virtual machine allocation.
Motherboard: Supermicro X12DPG-QT6. Supports dual CPUs, up to 4TB DDR4 ECC Registered memory, and multiple PCIe expansion slots. Complies with Server Hardware Standards.
Network Interface Card (NIC): Dual 100GbE Mellanox ConnectX-6 Dx. Supports RDMA over Converged Ethernet (RoCEv2) for low-latency communication. Utilizes Virtual LAN (VLAN) for network segmentation.
Storage Controller: Broadcom MegaRAID SAS 9460-8i. Supports up to 8 SAS/SATA HDDs/SSDs. Hardware RAID capabilities (RAID 1, 5, 6, 10). See RAID Configuration Options for detailed RAID levels.
Power Supply Unit (PSU): Redundant 1600W 80+ Titanium certified PSUs. Provides N+1 redundancy for high availability. Complies with Power Efficiency Standards.
Chassis: 2U Rackmount Server Chassis with hot-swappable fans and power supplies. Designed for optimal airflow and cooling. See Server Chassis Types for different form factors.

Storage Node

Storage is provided via a separate, highly scalable storage node architecture.

CPU: Intel Xeon Silver 4310 (12 Cores/24 Threads). Base Clock: 2.1 GHz, Turbo Boost: 3.3 GHz.
RAM: 128 GB DDR4-2666 ECC Registered DIMMs.
Storage: 16 x 16TB SAS 7.2K RPM Enterprise-class Hard Disk Drives (HDDs). Configured in RAID 6 for data redundancy and capacity. Total raw capacity: 256TB. Effective capacity with RAID 6: ~184TB. Utilizes Storage Tiering for performance optimization.
Storage Controller: Broadcom MegaRAID SAS 9460-16i.
Network Interface Card (NIC): Dual 40GbE Mellanox ConnectX-5.

Interconnect

Network Fabric: Clos network topology using Arista 7050X series switches. Provides high bandwidth and low latency connectivity between compute and storage nodes. Network Topology Design details the network architecture. Utilizes BGP for routing.

Summary Table

2. Performance Characteristics

The Cloud Server Infrastructure is designed for consistently high performance across a variety of workloads.

CPU Performance

SPECint®2017 Rate:** 280 (Estimated, varies with hypervisor load). This benchmark measures integer processing performance.
SPECfp®2017 Rate:** 170 (Estimated, varies with hypervisor load). This benchmark measures floating-point processing performance.
Single-Core Performance:** Approximately 1250 Geekbench 5 score per core.

Storage Performance

Sequential Read Speed (RAID 6):** 450 MB/s (Average).
Sequential Write Speed (RAID 6):** 300 MB/s (Average).
IOPS (4KB Random Read/Write):** 50,000 IOPS (Average). Performance is significantly improved with Caching Strategies.
Latency (4KB Random Read/Write):** 5-10ms (Average).

Network Performance

100GbE Throughput:** 95 Gbps (Average, measured with iperf3).
Latency (within the same rack):** < 1ms.
Latency (across availability zones):** < 5ms. See Data Center Networking for details.

Real-World Performance

Web Server (Apache):** Handles approximately 10,000 requests per second with a 200ms average response time.
Database Server (PostgreSQL):** Supports a sustained workload of 5,000 transactions per second.
Application Server (Java):** Processes approximately 2,000 concurrent users with reasonable latency.
Virtual Machine Density:** Can comfortably support 30-40 virtual machines per compute node, depending on resource allocation. Utilizing Virtual Machine Optimization techniques can increase density.

Benchmark Details

All benchmarks were conducted in a controlled environment with minimal background noise. Results may vary depending on the specific workload and configuration. Detailed benchmark reports are available upon request from the Performance Testing Team.

3. Recommended Use Cases

The Cloud Server Infrastructure is well-suited for a diverse range of applications, including:

Web Hosting:** High-performance web servers capable of handling large volumes of traffic.
Application Hosting:** Running demanding applications such as CRM, ERP, and e-commerce platforms.
Database Servers:** Hosting relational databases (e.g., PostgreSQL, MySQL) and NoSQL databases (e.g., MongoDB, Cassandra).
Virtual Desktop Infrastructure (VDI):** Delivering virtual desktops to end-users. Requires careful consideration of VDI Performance Tuning.
Dev/Test Environments:** Providing on-demand environments for software development and testing.
Big Data Analytics:** Running data processing and analytics workloads (e.g., Hadoop, Spark). Consider utilizing Data Analytics Platforms.
Machine Learning:** Training and deploying machine learning models. Leverage GPU Acceleration for improved performance.
Gaming Servers:** Hosting online multiplayer game servers. Requires low latency networking.

4. Comparison with Similar Configurations

| Configuration | CPU | RAM | Storage | Network | Cost (Estimated/Month) | Strengths | Weaknesses | |---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---| | **Cloud Server Infrastructure (This Document)** | Dual Intel Xeon Gold 6338 | 256GB | 184TB RAID 6 SAS HDD | Dual 100GbE | $2,500 | Balanced performance, high storage capacity, excellent network connectivity. | Higher cost than entry-level options. HDD based storage is slower than NVMe. | | **Entry-Level Cloud Server** | Single Intel Xeon Silver 4310 | 64GB | 96TB RAID 5 SAS HDD | Dual 10GbE | $1,200 | Lower cost, suitable for smaller workloads. | Limited CPU power, lower RAM capacity, slower network performance. | | **High-Performance Cloud Server** | Dual Intel Xeon Platinum 8380 | 512GB | 368TB RAID 6 SAS HDD + 4TB NVMe Cache | Dual 100GbE | $5,000 | Highest performance, large RAM capacity, fast storage caching. | Significantly higher cost. | | **Memory-Optimized Cloud Server** | Dual Intel Xeon Gold 6338 | 768GB | 96TB RAID 5 SAS HDD | Dual 100GbE | $3,800 | Extremely large RAM capacity, ideal for in-memory databases. | Lower storage capacity, higher cost. | | **GPU-Accelerated Cloud Server** | Dual Intel Xeon Gold 6338 | 256GB | 96TB RAID 5 SAS HDD | Dual 100GbE + 1x 100GbE (GPU) | $4,000 | Excellent for machine learning and graphics-intensive applications. | Higher cost, requires specialized software. |

This comparison highlights the trade-offs between cost, performance, and capacity. The Cloud Server Infrastructure represents a sweet spot for many common workloads. Further customization is possible; consult the Custom Configuration Options document.

5. Maintenance Considerations

Maintaining the Cloud Server Infrastructure requires adherence to established procedures to ensure optimal performance and reliability.

Cooling

Cooling System: Data center utilizes a hot aisle/cold aisle containment system with chilled water cooling.
Temperature Monitoring: Real-time temperature monitoring of all server components. Alerts are generated if temperatures exceed predefined thresholds. Refer to Data Center Cooling Procedures.
Fan Maintenance: Hot-swappable fans are replaced proactively based on usage and failure rate predictions.

Power Requirements

Power Consumption (Typical):** 800-1200W per compute node. 500-800W per storage node.
Power Redundancy: N+1 redundancy with redundant PSUs and UPS systems.
Power Distribution Units (PDUs): Intelligent PDUs provide remote power monitoring and control. See Power Management Best Practices.

Firmware and Software Updates

BIOS/Firmware Updates: Regularly updated to address security vulnerabilities and improve performance. Updates are performed during scheduled maintenance windows.
Hypervisor Updates: Patches and updates are applied to the VMware vSphere hypervisor to ensure stability and security.
Operating System Updates: Customers are responsible for maintaining the operating systems and applications running on their virtual machines. However, we provide security advisories and guidance. See Security Patch Management.

Hardware Monitoring

Integrated Dell Remote Access Controller (iDRAC): Provides remote management and monitoring capabilities.
System Event Log (SEL): Records hardware events and errors.
Proactive Monitoring: Automated monitoring tools detect and alert on potential hardware failures. See Server Monitoring Tools.

Physical Security

Data Center Security: Multi-layered physical security measures, including access control, surveillance, and environmental controls. Refer to the Data Center Security Policy.

Disaster Recovery

Data Backup: Regular data backups are performed to ensure data protection. See Data Backup and Recovery Procedures.
Replication: Data replication to multiple availability zones for disaster recovery.

End of Life (EOL) Management

Hardware Lifecycle: Servers are typically replaced every 3-5 years to maintain optimal performance and efficiency. See Hardware Lifecycle Management.

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Intel-Based Server Configurations

Configuration	Specifications	Benchmark
Core i7-6700K/7700 Server	64 GB DDR4, NVMe SSD 2 x 512 GB	CPU Benchmark: 8046
Core i7-8700 Server	64 GB DDR4, NVMe SSD 2x1 TB	CPU Benchmark: 13124
Core i9-9900K Server	128 GB DDR4, NVMe SSD 2 x 1 TB	CPU Benchmark: 49969
Core i9-13900 Server (64GB)	64 GB RAM, 2x2 TB NVMe SSD
Core i9-13900 Server (128GB)	128 GB RAM, 2x2 TB NVMe SSD
Core i5-13500 Server (64GB)	64 GB RAM, 2x500 GB NVMe SSD
Core i5-13500 Server (128GB)	128 GB RAM, 2x500 GB NVMe SSD
Core i5-13500 Workstation	64 GB DDR5 RAM, 2 NVMe SSD, NVIDIA RTX 4000

AMD-Based Server Configurations

Configuration	Specifications	Benchmark
Ryzen 5 3600 Server	64 GB RAM, 2x480 GB NVMe	CPU Benchmark: 17849
Ryzen 7 7700 Server	64 GB DDR5 RAM, 2x1 TB NVMe	CPU Benchmark: 35224
Ryzen 9 5950X Server	128 GB RAM, 2x4 TB NVMe	CPU Benchmark: 46045
Ryzen 9 7950X Server	128 GB DDR5 ECC, 2x2 TB NVMe	CPU Benchmark: 63561
EPYC 7502P Server (128GB/1TB)	128 GB RAM, 1 TB NVMe	CPU Benchmark: 48021
EPYC 7502P Server (128GB/2TB)	128 GB RAM, 2 TB NVMe	CPU Benchmark: 48021
EPYC 7502P Server (128GB/4TB)	128 GB RAM, 2x2 TB NVMe	CPU Benchmark: 48021
EPYC 7502P Server (256GB/1TB)	256 GB RAM, 1 TB NVMe	CPU Benchmark: 48021
EPYC 7502P Server (256GB/4TB)	256 GB RAM, 2x2 TB NVMe	CPU Benchmark: 48021
EPYC 9454P Server	256 GB RAM, 2x2 TB NVMe

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⚠️ *Note: All benchmark scores are approximate and may vary based on configuration. Server availability subject to stock.* ⚠️