ClickHouse Configuration Parameters

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  1. ClickHouse Configuration Parameters: High-Performance Analytical Server

This document details a specific ClickHouse server configuration optimized for high-throughput analytical workloads. It covers hardware specifications, performance characteristics, recommended use cases, comparisons to similar configurations, and crucial maintenance considerations. This configuration is designed for deployments requiring rapid query execution on large datasets, such as real-time analytics, log processing, and business intelligence.

1. Hardware Specifications

This configuration targets a balance between cost, performance, and scalability. It is designed to be a single, powerful node, although it can be readily expanded into a cluster.

1.1 CPU

  • **Model:** Dual Intel Xeon Gold 6338 (32 Cores / 64 Threads per CPU)
  • **Clock Speed:** 2.0 GHz Base / 3.4 GHz Turbo Boost
  • **Cache:** 48 MB L3 Cache per CPU
  • **TDP:** 205W per CPU
  • **Architecture:** Intel Ice Lake-SP
  • **Instruction Sets:** AVX-512, AES-NI, SHA, CLMUL
  • **Rationale:** The high core count allows for parallel query execution, crucial for ClickHouse’s columnar architecture. AVX-512 accelerates vector processing, significantly boosting performance for many analytical functions. AES-NI and SHA extensions are important for data encryption and hashing operations.

1.2 RAM

  • **Capacity:** 512 GB DDR4 ECC Registered
  • **Speed:** 3200 MHz
  • **Configuration:** 16 x 32 GB DIMMs
  • **Rank:** Dual Rank
  • **Channels:** 8 per CPU (balanced configuration)
  • **Rationale:** ClickHouse heavily relies on in-memory processing. 512GB provides ample space for caching frequently accessed data, reducing disk I/O and drastically improving query performance. ECC Registered memory ensures data integrity.

1.3 Storage

  • **Type:** NVMe PCIe Gen4 SSDs
  • **Capacity:** 3 x 4TB (Total 12TB Raw Capacity) - Configured in RAID 0
  • **Model:** Samsung PM1733
  • **Sequential Read Speed:** Up to 7,000 MB/s
  • **Sequential Write Speed:** Up to 4,500 MB/s
  • **IOPS:** Up to 1,000,000
  • **Interface:** PCIe Gen4 x4
  • **Rationale:** ClickHouse benefits immensely from fast storage. NVMe SSDs provide significantly lower latency and higher throughput compared to SATA or SAS drives. RAID 0 maximizes performance, but at the cost of redundancy. Data backups are *essential* with this configuration (see section 5). Using multiple drives allows for parallel reads/writes, increasing overall I/O capacity.
  • **Disk Scheduler:** Kyber, optimized for SSDs (configured within the OS). See ClickHouse Storage Engine Selection for more details.

1.4 Networking

  • **Interface:** Dual 100 Gigabit Ethernet (100GbE)
  • **NIC:** Mellanox ConnectX-6
  • **Rationale:** High-bandwidth networking is essential for data ingestion, replication (in a clustered environment), and distributed query execution. 100GbE minimizes network bottlenecks.
  • **RDMA:** RoCEv2 supported for low-latency communication (requires compatible network infrastructure). See ClickHouse Network Configuration.

1.5 Motherboard & Chassis

  • **Motherboard:** Supermicro X12DPG-QT6
  • **Chassis:** 4U Rackmount Server Chassis
  • **Power Supply:** 2 x 1600W Redundant Power Supplies (80+ Platinum)
  • **Rationale:** The motherboard supports dual CPUs, ample RAM capacity, and multiple PCIe Gen4 slots for NVMe SSDs and network cards. Redundant power supplies ensure high availability. The 4U chassis provides sufficient space for cooling and expansion.

1.6 Operating System

  • **Distribution:** CentOS 8 (or a compatible distribution like Rocky Linux 8)
  • **Kernel:** Latest stable kernel with performance patches
  • **Filesystem:** XFS
  • **Rationale:** CentOS 8 provides a stable and well-supported platform for ClickHouse. XFS offers good performance and scalability for large datasets. See ClickHouse Operating System Tuning for further optimization.



2. Performance Characteristics

The following benchmarks were performed on this configuration with a representative dataset of 1TB of ClickHouse benchmark data, simulating web analytics queries.

2.1 Benchmark Results

Query Type Average Execution Time (seconds) Rows Returned
Simple Aggregation (SUM, COUNT) 0.5 10,000,000
Complex Aggregation (GROUP BY, HAVING) 2.2 5,000,000
Join Query (2 Tables, 10M rows each) 3.8 10,000,000
Window Function Query 4.5 5,000,000
Data Ingestion (100M rows) 18 N/A
  • Note:* These results are approximate and can vary depending on the specific query, data distribution, and server load.

2.2 Real-World Performance

In a real-world scenario involving log analysis (e.g., web server logs, application logs), this configuration consistently delivers query latencies below 1 second for 95% of queries, even with concurrent users. Data ingestion rates average around 200-300 MB/s. The system can comfortably handle a sustained query load of 50 concurrent users. Performance monitoring using ClickHouse Monitoring Tools is crucial for identifying bottlenecks.

2.3 Performance Tuning

  • **MergeTree Engine Settings:** Optimizing MergeTree engine settings such as `index_granularity` and `index_granularity_bytes` is crucial. See ClickHouse MergeTree Engine.
  • **Query Optimization:** Using appropriate data types, partitioning strategies, and materialized views can significantly improve query performance. See ClickHouse Query Optimization.
  • **Compression:** Utilizing efficient compression codecs (LZ4, ZSTD) minimizes storage space and improves I/O performance. See ClickHouse Data Compression.
  • **Background Merges:** Adjusting the number of background merge threads can optimize disk I/O.



3. Recommended Use Cases

This configuration is ideally suited for the following applications:

  • **Real-time Analytics:** Analyzing streaming data from sources like web servers, application servers, and IoT devices.
  • **Log Processing:** Aggregating, filtering, and analyzing large volumes of log data.
  • **Business Intelligence (BI):** Building interactive dashboards and reports based on historical data.
  • **Clickstream Analysis:** Tracking user behavior on websites and applications.
  • **Security Analytics:** Detecting and investigating security threats.
  • **Time Series Data Analysis:** Analyzing data collected over time, such as sensor readings or financial data.
  • **Ad-Tech Analytics:** Analyzing advertising campaign performance.
  • **Network Monitoring:** Analyzing network traffic and performance.



4. Comparison with Similar Configurations

The following table compares this configuration to other common ClickHouse deployment options:

Configuration CPU RAM Storage Networking Cost (Approximate) Performance (Relative)
**Baseline (Small)** Dual Intel Xeon Silver 4210 64 GB 4 x 1TB SATA SSDs (RAID 10) 10 GbE $8,000 50%
**Mid-Range** (This Configuration) Dual Intel Xeon Gold 6338 512 GB 3 x 4TB NVMe SSDs (RAID 0) 100 GbE $25,000 100%
**High-End (Scale-Up)** Dual Intel Xeon Platinum 8380 1TB 6 x 8TB NVMe SSDs (RAID 0) 200 GbE $60,000+ 200%+
  • Note:* Costs are estimates and can vary depending on vendor and location. Performance is a relative measure based on the benchmark results described in Section 2. Consider ClickHouse Cluster Architecture for scaling beyond a single node.

The Baseline configuration is suitable for smaller datasets and less demanding workloads. The High-End configuration provides even greater performance and scalability but comes at a significantly higher cost. The Mid-Range configuration (described in detail above) offers an excellent balance between cost and performance for a wide range of analytical applications.



5. Maintenance Considerations

Maintaining this high-performance server requires careful planning and attention to detail.

5.1 Cooling

  • The server generates a significant amount of heat due to the powerful CPUs and SSDs.
  • Ensure adequate airflow within the server chassis.
  • Utilize a data center with sufficient cooling capacity.
  • Monitor CPU and SSD temperatures regularly using ClickHouse System Monitoring.
  • Consider liquid cooling if ambient temperatures are high.

5.2 Power Requirements

  • The server requires a dedicated 208V/240V power circuit with a minimum of 30 amps.
  • The redundant power supplies provide protection against power outages.
  • Use a UPS (Uninterruptible Power Supply) to protect against brief power interruptions.

5.3 Data Backup & Recovery

  • **RAID 0 offers no redundancy.** Data loss is highly likely in the event of a drive failure.
  • Implement a robust backup strategy. Consider using ClickHouse's backup and restore utilities or third-party backup solutions. See ClickHouse Backup and Restore.
  • Regularly test the backup and recovery process.
  • Consider offsite backups for disaster recovery.

5.4 Software Updates

  • Keep the operating system and ClickHouse software up to date with the latest security patches and bug fixes.
  • Test updates in a non-production environment before deploying them to production.

5.5 Monitoring & Alerting

  • Implement comprehensive monitoring of CPU usage, memory usage, disk I/O, network traffic, and ClickHouse metrics.
  • Configure alerts to notify administrators of potential issues.
  • Utilize tools such as Prometheus and Grafana for visualization and analysis. See ClickHouse Integration with Prometheus.

5.6 Physical Security

  • Secure the server room with physical access controls.
  • Implement environmental monitoring (temperature, humidity, smoke detection).


Intel-Based Server Configurations

Configuration Specifications Benchmark
Core i7-6700K/7700 Server 64 GB DDR4, NVMe SSD 2 x 512 GB CPU Benchmark: 8046
Core i7-8700 Server 64 GB DDR4, NVMe SSD 2x1 TB CPU Benchmark: 13124
Core i9-9900K Server 128 GB DDR4, NVMe SSD 2 x 1 TB CPU Benchmark: 49969
Core i9-13900 Server (64GB) 64 GB RAM, 2x2 TB NVMe SSD
Core i9-13900 Server (128GB) 128 GB RAM, 2x2 TB NVMe SSD
Core i5-13500 Server (64GB) 64 GB RAM, 2x500 GB NVMe SSD
Core i5-13500 Server (128GB) 128 GB RAM, 2x500 GB NVMe SSD
Core i5-13500 Workstation 64 GB DDR5 RAM, 2 NVMe SSD, NVIDIA RTX 4000

AMD-Based Server Configurations

Configuration Specifications Benchmark
Ryzen 5 3600 Server 64 GB RAM, 2x480 GB NVMe CPU Benchmark: 17849
Ryzen 7 7700 Server 64 GB DDR5 RAM, 2x1 TB NVMe CPU Benchmark: 35224
Ryzen 9 5950X Server 128 GB RAM, 2x4 TB NVMe CPU Benchmark: 46045
Ryzen 9 7950X Server 128 GB DDR5 ECC, 2x2 TB NVMe CPU Benchmark: 63561
EPYC 7502P Server (128GB/1TB) 128 GB RAM, 1 TB NVMe CPU Benchmark: 48021
EPYC 7502P Server (128GB/2TB) 128 GB RAM, 2 TB NVMe CPU Benchmark: 48021
EPYC 7502P Server (128GB/4TB) 128 GB RAM, 2x2 TB NVMe CPU Benchmark: 48021
EPYC 7502P Server (256GB/1TB) 256 GB RAM, 1 TB NVMe CPU Benchmark: 48021
EPYC 7502P Server (256GB/4TB) 256 GB RAM, 2x2 TB NVMe CPU Benchmark: 48021
EPYC 9454P Server 256 GB RAM, 2x2 TB NVMe

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⚠️ *Note: All benchmark scores are approximate and may vary based on configuration. Server availability subject to stock.* ⚠️

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