Capacity planning

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Capacity Planning for MediaWiki 1.40

Capacity planning is a critical aspect of maintaining a responsive and reliable MediaWiki installation. It involves predicting future resource needs – CPU, memory, disk I/O, and network bandwidth – and ensuring your server infrastructure can meet those demands. This article provides a comprehensive guide for newcomers to capacity planning specifically for MediaWiki 1.40.

Understanding Your Current Load

Before planning for the future, you need to understand your current usage. Monitoring is key. Tools like Munin, Nagios, or even basic server logs can provide valuable insights. Key metrics to track include:

  • CPU Usage: High sustained CPU usage indicates a bottleneck.
  • Memory Usage: Insufficient memory leads to swapping, dramatically slowing down the wiki.
  • Disk I/O: Slow disk I/O impacts page loading times and database operations.
  • Database Queries: Slow or frequent queries point to database optimization needs or insufficient resources.
  • Web Server Requests: The number of requests your web server handles per second.
  • Concurrent Users: The number of users actively browsing the wiki simultaneously.

Hardware Requirements: A Baseline

These tables provide a starting point for hardware requirements. These are *minimums* and will vary based on wiki size, traffic, and complexity. Consider using a load balancer for higher availability and scalability.

Component Minimum Specification Recommended Specification Notes
CPU 2 cores, 2.0 GHz 4+ cores, 2.5+ GHz Consider CPU cache size; larger is better.
RAM 4 GB 8+ GB More RAM is almost always beneficial, especially for caching.
Storage 100 GB HDD 500 GB+ SSD SSDs are *strongly* recommended for performance. RAID configuration is advised.
Network 100 Mbps 1 Gbps+ Network bandwidth becomes critical with high traffic.

Database Server Considerations

The database server is often the biggest performance bottleneck in a MediaWiki installation. MySQL or MariaDB are the most common choices.

Database Parameter Minimum Value Recommended Value Notes
innodb_buffer_pool_size 128MB 50% - 80% of system RAM The most important MySQL/MariaDB setting for MediaWiki.
key_buffer_size (MyISAM) 16MB 64MB - 128MB Relevant if you still have MyISAM tables (discouraged).
max_connections 100 200+ Adjust based on concurrent users.
query_cache_size 0 64MB - 128MB Can improve performance, but consider the overhead.

Scaling Strategies

As your wiki grows, you'll need to scale your infrastructure. Here are some common strategies:

  • Vertical Scaling: Increasing the resources (CPU, RAM, disk) of a single server. This is simpler but has limits.
  • Horizontal Scaling: Adding more servers to distribute the load. This is more complex but offers greater scalability.
  • Caching: Implementing caching layers (e.g., Memcached, Redis) to reduce database load. Output caching within MediaWiki itself is also important.
  • Load Balancing: Distributing traffic across multiple web servers using a load balancer.
  • Database Replication: Using database replication to create read-only copies of the database, offloading read requests from the primary server.
  • Content Delivery Network (CDN): Utilizing a CDN to deliver static content (images, CSS, JavaScript) from servers closer to your users.

Advanced Configuration and Tuning

Several MediaWiki configuration settings impact performance. Pay attention to:

  • `$wgMainCacheType`: Choose a suitable cache backend (e.g., Memcached, Redis).
  • `$wgParserCacheType`: Cache parsed wikitext to reduce parsing overhead.
  • `$wgUseTransclusionCaching`: Enable transclusion caching for complex templates.
  • `$wgJobRunLimit`: Control the number of jobs processed per cron job.
  • `$wgRateLimits`: Implement rate limits to prevent abuse and denial-of-service attacks.

Monitoring and Alerting

Continuous monitoring is vital. Set up alerts to notify you of potential problems:

  • High CPU usage
  • Low memory
  • Slow database queries
  • High disk I/O
  • Web server errors

Example Scaling Plan

This table demonstrates a basic scaling plan based on anticipated growth.

Phase Wiki Size (Pages) Concurrent Users (Peak) Server Configuration
Phase 1 (Initial) 1,000 - 10,000 10 - 50 Single server (minimum specifications above)
Phase 2 (Growth) 10,000 - 100,000 50 - 200 Dedicated database server, web server with increased resources, Memcached.
Phase 3 (Large Scale) 100,000+ 200+ Load balancer, multiple web servers, database replication, CDN.

Remember to regularly review your capacity plan and adjust it based on actual usage. Proper capacity planning ensures a smooth and enjoyable experience for your wiki users. Refer to the MediaWiki documentation for detailed configuration options. Consider reviewing Performance tuning for further optimization techniques. Also, examine Security policy to avoid performance impacts due to malicious activity.


Intel-Based Server Configurations

Configuration Specifications Benchmark
Core i7-6700K/7700 Server 64 GB DDR4, NVMe SSD 2 x 512 GB CPU Benchmark: 8046
Core i7-8700 Server 64 GB DDR4, NVMe SSD 2x1 TB CPU Benchmark: 13124
Core i9-9900K Server 128 GB DDR4, NVMe SSD 2 x 1 TB CPU Benchmark: 49969
Core i9-13900 Server (64GB) 64 GB RAM, 2x2 TB NVMe SSD
Core i9-13900 Server (128GB) 128 GB RAM, 2x2 TB NVMe SSD
Core i5-13500 Server (64GB) 64 GB RAM, 2x500 GB NVMe SSD
Core i5-13500 Server (128GB) 128 GB RAM, 2x500 GB NVMe SSD
Core i5-13500 Workstation 64 GB DDR5 RAM, 2 NVMe SSD, NVIDIA RTX 4000

AMD-Based Server Configurations

Configuration Specifications Benchmark
Ryzen 5 3600 Server 64 GB RAM, 2x480 GB NVMe CPU Benchmark: 17849
Ryzen 7 7700 Server 64 GB DDR5 RAM, 2x1 TB NVMe CPU Benchmark: 35224
Ryzen 9 5950X Server 128 GB RAM, 2x4 TB NVMe CPU Benchmark: 46045
Ryzen 9 7950X Server 128 GB DDR5 ECC, 2x2 TB NVMe CPU Benchmark: 63561
EPYC 7502P Server (128GB/1TB) 128 GB RAM, 1 TB NVMe CPU Benchmark: 48021
EPYC 7502P Server (128GB/2TB) 128 GB RAM, 2 TB NVMe CPU Benchmark: 48021
EPYC 7502P Server (128GB/4TB) 128 GB RAM, 2x2 TB NVMe CPU Benchmark: 48021
EPYC 7502P Server (256GB/1TB) 256 GB RAM, 1 TB NVMe CPU Benchmark: 48021
EPYC 7502P Server (256GB/4TB) 256 GB RAM, 2x2 TB NVMe CPU Benchmark: 48021
EPYC 9454P Server 256 GB RAM, 2x2 TB NVMe

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⚠️ *Note: All benchmark scores are approximate and may vary based on configuration. Server availability subject to stock.* ⚠️

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