.gitignore file
- .gitignore File: A Comprehensive Guide for MediaWiki Server Administrators
This article provides a detailed explanation of the `.gitignore` file, its purpose, and how to configure it effectively for a MediaWiki 1.40 server environment. It's geared towards newcomers to server administration and version control systems like Git. Understanding `.gitignore` is crucial for maintaining a clean and efficient Git repository, preventing unnecessary files from being tracked and committed.
What is a .gitignore File?
The `.gitignore` file is a plain text file that tells Git which files or folders it should *ignore* when tracking changes in a repository. This is essential because some files are generated automatically, contain sensitive information, or are simply not relevant to the project's source code. Including these files in the repository bloats the size, increases commit times, and can potentially expose sensitive data. It resides in the root directory of your Git repository.
Why Use a .gitignore File for a MediaWiki Server?
MediaWiki installations generate numerous files that should *not* be tracked by Git. These include:
- `LocalSettings.php`: Contains sensitive database credentials and configuration specific to your server.
- `cache/`: A directory containing cached data that is dynamically generated.
- `images/`: Uploaded user content. While important, these are often large and frequently changing. Tracking every image can be inefficient.
- `sessions/`: Directory storing user session data.
- Temporary files created during maintenance or updates.
Failing to ignore these files can lead to:
- Security risks (exposing credentials).
- Large repository size.
- Conflicts during collaboration.
- Unnecessary tracking of irrelevant changes.
Essential Entries for a MediaWiki .gitignore File
Here's a table outlining essential entries for a `.gitignore` file for a typical MediaWiki 1.40 server. This is a starting point and may need to be adjusted based on your specific configuration.
| File/Folder | Reason for Ignoring |
|---|---|
| `LocalSettings.php` | Contains sensitive database credentials and server-specific configuration. |
| `cache/` | Dynamically generated cache files. |
| `images/` | User-uploaded images (consider using LFS for efficient versioning if necessary). |
| `sessions/` | User session data. |
| `config.php` | Configuration file (if present - some installations use LocalSettings.php exclusively). |
| `output/` | Generated output files. |
| `tmp/` | Temporary files. |
| `maintenance/` | Maintenance scripts and temporary files created during upgrades. |
| `extensions/` | While extensions are code, they are often managed separately. |
Advanced .gitignore Techniques
Beyond simple file and folder names, `.gitignore` supports more advanced patterns:
- `*`: Matches any number of characters.
- `?`: Matches a single character.
- `[abc]`: Matches any character inside the brackets.
- `!`: Negates a pattern (i.e., includes a file that would otherwise be ignored).
- `/`: Specifies a directory.
- `**/`: Matches directories recursively.
Here's a table demonstrating some advanced patterns:
| Pattern | Description |
|---|---|
| `*.log` | Ignores all files with the `.log` extension. |
| `tmp/*.txt` | Ignores all `.txt` files within the `tmp` directory. |
| `**/node_modules/` | Ignores the `node_modules` directory and all its subdirectories recursively. |
| `!important.txt` | Includes `important.txt` even if it matches a previous ignore rule. |
| `config/*/debug.log` | Ignores `debug.log` files within any subdirectory of a directory named `config`. |
Example .gitignore File for a MediaWiki Server
Below is a complete example `.gitignore` file suitable for a typical MediaWiki 1.40 installation, incorporating the principles discussed above. Remember to adapt it to your specific needs.
```
- MediaWiki .gitignore file
- Sensitive configuration files
LocalSettings.php config.php
- Cache and temporary files
cache/ sessions/ output/ tmp/
- User-uploaded content (consider LFS if necessary)
images/
- Maintenance files
maintenance/
- Extension directories (if managed separately)
extensions/
- Log files
- .log
- Other temporary/generated files
- .bak
- .swp
- .DS_Store
```
Testing and Updating Your .gitignore File
After creating or modifying your `.gitignore` file, it's crucial to test it to ensure it's working as expected. You can use the following Git command to check if a specific file is being ignored:
```bash git check-ignore -v <file_name> ```
This command will output the rule that is causing the file to be ignored, or nothing if the file is not ignored. Regularly review and update your `.gitignore` file as your MediaWiki installation evolves and new files or folders are created. Consider using a dedicated Git GUI tool for easier management of the `.gitignore` file.
Resources
- Git Documentation on .gitignore: [1](https://git-scm.com/docs/gitignore)
- Understanding Gitignore: [2](https://www.atlassian.com/git/tutorials/saving-changes/gitignore)
- MediaWiki Official Documentation: [3](https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/MediaWiki)
- Version Control with Git: A helpful introductory article on Git.
- MediaWiki Caching: Information about MediaWiki's caching mechanisms.
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