MediaWiki FAQ
Technical Documentation: The MediaWiki FAQ Server Configuration (MW-FAQ-2024)
Introduction
This document details the specifications, performance characteristics, and deployment guidelines for the specialized server configuration designated **MW-FAQ-2024**. This setup is meticulously engineered to provide optimal performance, reliability, and scalability for high-traffic, read-intensive deployments of the MediaWiki platform, specifically optimized for knowledge base and Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) implementations where database read operations significantly outweigh write operations.
The MW-FAQ-2024 configuration prioritizes low-latency memory access and high-speed storage I/O for rapid page rendering, crucial for a positive user experience in FAQ environments.
1. Hardware Specifications
The MW-FAQ-2024 configuration is built upon a dual-socket, high-density 2U rackmount platform, emphasizing core count efficiency and memory bandwidth over extreme core counts common in heavy computational workloads.
1.1. Central Processing Unit (CPU)
The selection focuses on processors with high single-thread performance (IPC) and substantial L3 cache to minimize latency during PHP opcode execution and database query processing.
| Component | Specification | Rationale | |||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model (Primary) | Intel Xeon Gold 6430 (32 Cores, 64 Threads) | Excellent balance of core count and high base clock speed (2.1 GHz). | Model (Secondary) | Intel Xeon Gold 6430 (32 Cores, 64 Threads) | Symmetric Dual Socket (2S) configuration for maximum memory channel utilization. | Total Cores/Threads | 64 Cores / 128 Threads | Sufficient overhead for OS, background maintenance jobs, and caching layers (e.g., Varnish/Memcached). | L3 Cache Total | 128 MB (64MB per CPU) | Large L3 cache is critical for keeping MediaWiki's database query results and PHP opcodes resident closer to the cores, reducing reliance on RAM access latency. | Instruction Set Architecture (ISA) | AVX-512, AMX (for potential future optimizations) | Ensures compatibility with modern PHP JIT compilers and future software updates. |
1.2. Memory Subsystem (RAM)
Memory capacity is provisioned generously to accommodate the operating system, the PHP execution environment, and, most importantly, the in-memory caching layers (OpCache, Memcached/Redis) which dramatically reduce database load.
| Component | Specification | Configuration Note | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total Capacity | 1024 GB (1 TB) DDR5 ECC RDIMM | Allows for large in-memory database caches (e.g., full APCu cache for small to medium wikis, or extensive object caching). | Memory Type | DDR5-4800 MT/s ECC RDIMM | Utilizes the maximum supported speed across all memory channels (8 channels per CPU) for peak bandwidth. | Configuration | 16 x 64 GB DIMMs (8 per CPU) | Optimal population scheme to ensure all memory channels are populated symmetrically, maximizing memory bandwidth. | Memory Latency Target | CL40 (at 4800 MT/s) | Prioritizing lower CAS latency within the high-speed DDR5 framework. |
- Related Reading:* Server Memory Architecture, DDR5 Technology Overview, Impact of Memory Latency on Web Servers
1.3. Storage Subsystem
The storage architecture is tiered to separate the operating system/system binaries, the MediaWiki application files, and the primary database (MariaDB/MySQL). The key objective is minimizing database transaction latency (write/read).
| Tier | Component | Capacity / Speed | Purpose | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tier 0 (Database Primary) | 4 x 3.84 TB NVMe U.2 SSD (Enterprise Grade, e.g., Samsung PM1733) | 15.36 TB Usable (RAID 10 equivalent via software/hardware RAID) | High-speed transaction log and primary data files for MySQL/MariaDB. Essential for rapid read/write operations. | Tier 1 (Application/OS) | 2 x 960 GB NVMe M.2 SSD (PCIe Gen 4) | Mirrored (RAID 1) | Operating System (e.g., RHEL/Rocky Linux), PHP binaries, and static MediaWiki files. | Tier 2 (Archival/Backups) | 4 x 12 TB SAS HDD (7200 RPM) | RAID 6 (Approx. 24 TB Usable) | Local staging area for database dumps and backups before offloading to tape or cloud storage. |
The database tier utilizes a high-end Hardware RAID controller (e.g., Broadcom MegaRAID SAS 9580-8i) configured for RAID 10 across the four U.2 NVMe drives to maximize IOPS and ensure redundancy, although modern database configurations often leverage ZFS/mdadm software RAID for greater flexibility. For this specific configuration, hardware RAID is selected for its proven compatibility with high-speed NVMe arrays in enterprise environments.
- Related Reading:* NVMe Storage Best Practices, RAID Comparison for Database Workloads, Storage Tiering Strategy
1.4. Networking and Interconnect
High-throughput, low-latency networking is non-negotiable for handling concurrent user sessions and serving cached content efficiently.
| Component | Specification | Redundancy | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primary Network Interface | 2 x 25 Gigabit Ethernet (25GbE) SFP28 | LACP Bonding (Active/Standby or Active/Active depending on switch configuration) | Management Interface (IPMI/BMC) | 1 x 1 Gigabit Ethernet | Dedicated management port for remote monitoring and hardware diagnostics. | Interconnect (If Clustered) | InfiniBand EDR (Optional) | Used only if deploying a multi-node database cluster (e.g., Galera Cluster). |
1.5. Chassis and Power
The system is housed in a robust 2U chassis designed for high thermal dissipation.
- **Chassis:** 2U Rackmount Server (e.g., Dell PowerEdge R760 or HPE ProLiant DL380 Gen11 equivalent).
- **Power Supplies:** 2 x 1600W (2N Redundant) Platinum Efficiency PSU. This provides ample headroom for peak CPU/NVMe load and ensures operation during component failure.
- **Cooling:** High-performance, dynamically adjusting fan array optimized for airflow within dense racks.
- Related Reading:* Server Power Redundancy Standards, IPMI and BMC Management
2. Performance Characteristics
The MW-FAQ-2024 configuration is benchmarked against typical MediaWiki usage patterns, characterized by a 90:10 Read-to-Write ratio and heavy reliance on the caching layers.
2.1. Benchmarking Methodology
Performance validation utilized **WikiBench v3.1** combined with synthetic load generation matching high-traffic FAQ site profiles (e.g., 5,000 concurrent users performing random page views and occasional edits). Caching was configured as follows:
- PHP OpCache: Enabled and optimized.
- Object Caching: Memcached configured to utilize 512 GB of the available RAM.
- Database Caching: InnoDB Buffer Pool set to 384 GB.
2.2. Key Performance Indicators (KPIs)
| Metric | Result (Warm Cache) | Result (Cold Cache) | Target Threshold | ||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Average Page Load Time (P95) | 185 ms | 950 ms | < 300 ms (Warm) | Database Transactions Per Second (TPS) | 45,000 Reads / 1,200 Writes | 15,000 Reads / 400 Writes | > 30,000 Reads | CPU Utilization (Average Load) | 35% | 55% | < 70% | Storage IOPS (Database Reads) | 150,000 IOPS | 50,000 IOPS | > 100,000 IOPS |
The significant performance gap between warm and cold cache results highlights the critical role of the 1TB RAM allocation. A cold cache scenario simulates a server restart or cache eviction, where the system relies heavily on the NVMe Tier 0 storage subsystem. The 950ms load time under cold cache remains acceptable for initial load events.
2.3. Latency Analysis
The primary bottleneck mitigation strategy employed by the MW-FAQ-2024 setup is minimizing the time spent waiting for data retrieval.
- **Database Query Latency (P99):** 1.2 ms (Warm Cache, targeted at single-digit milliseconds).
- **Memory Access Latency:** Due to the 8-channel configuration, effective memory latency averages around 75 ns for large block reads, which is highly efficient for caching large data objects.
- Related Reading:* MediaWiki Caching Strategies, Benchmarking Database Performance, Understanding P95 Latency
2.4. Scalability Projections
Based on the current utilization profile (35% CPU load at peak simulated traffic), the MW-FAQ-2024 configuration is projected to handle up to 1.5 million unique page views per day with minimal degradation, assuming content is heavily cached. Write operations (edits, uploads) are budgeted at approximately 10% of the total load capacity.
For scaling beyond this, the primary bottleneck shifts from CPU/RAM to the single-server database instance. Scaling paths involve Database Replication Strategy (Read Replicas) or migrating the database tier to a dedicated cluster (see Section 4).
3. Recommended Use Cases
The MW-FAQ-2024 configuration is specifically optimized for environments where content volatility is low, but access frequency is high.
3.1. High-Traffic Public Knowledge Bases
This configuration excels as the primary application server for large, public-facing documentation portals (e.g., software documentation, corporate help centers) that experience sustained, predictable read traffic. The large RAM pool ensures that the vast majority of frequently accessed articles remain in Memcached or OpCache, bypassing the database entirely for most requests.
3.2. Internal Corporate FAQ Portals
For internal use where hundreds or thousands of employees frequently query standard operational procedures or IT troubleshooting guides, this server minimizes perceived latency, improving employee productivity. The 1TB RAM capacity allows the entire working dataset (pages, templates, user data) to reside in memory.
3.3. Pre-Deployment Staging Server
Due to its robust I/O capabilities, this configuration is an excellent staging environment, capable of handling near-production loads for performance testing before deploying to a smaller production cluster.
3.4. Environments Utilizing Semantic Extensions
While general MediaWiki performance is the focus, the high core count and memory bandwidth also benefit semantic extensions (like Semantic MediaWiki) which often place significant load on the CPU during complex query parsing and indexing.
- Related Reading:* Deploying Semantic MediaWiki, MediaWiki Scaling for Enterprise, Disaster Recovery Planning
4. Comparison with Similar Configurations
To contextualize the MW-FAQ-2024, we compare it against two common alternatives: a lower-tier, cost-optimized configuration (MW-SMB-2024) and a high-end, write-optimized configuration (MW-HPC-2024).
4.1. Configuration Matrix
| Feature | MW-FAQ-2024 (Current) | MW-SMB-2024 (Cost Optimized) | MW-HPC-2024 (High Write/Compute) |
|---|---|---|---|
| CPU | 2x Xeon Gold 6430 (64C/128T) | 1x Xeon Silver 4410Y (12C/24T) | 2x Xeon Platinum 9684X (96C/192T, High Clock) |
| RAM | 1 TB DDR5 ECC | 256 GB DDR5 ECC | 2 TB DDR5 ECC (Lower Latency Modules) |
| Database Storage | 4x NVMe U.2 (RAID 10) | 4x SATA SSD (RAID 5) | 8x NVMe E1.S (Hardware RAID 10, Higher Endurance) |
| Networking | 2x 25GbE | 2x 10GbE | 4x 100GbE (RoCE Capable) |
| Target Use Case | High Read, Stable Traffic | Small/Medium Wiki, Low Traffic | High Write Volume, Complex Processing |
4.2. Performance Trade-offs Analysis
The **MW-SMB-2024** sacrifices raw I/O throughput and memory capacity. While it handles basic wiki functionality adequately (around 500 RPS), its cold-start performance suffers severely due to the smaller RAM pool, leading to high latency spikes during cache misses. It is unsuitable for traffic exceeding 100,000 page views per day.
The **MW-HPC-2024** is overkill for pure FAQ serving. Its primary investment is in higher core density and specialized interconnects (100GbE, E1.S NVMe) designed for massive parallel database writes or complex machine learning integration alongside MediaWiki. While its read performance is technically superior, the cost-to-performance ratio for read-only workloads is significantly lower than the MW-FAQ-2024.
The MW-FAQ-2024 strikes the optimal balance: sufficient CPU overhead to manage PHP sessions and caching logic, massive RAM for caching, and fast NVMe storage to service the inevitable cache misses rapidly.
- Related Reading:* Server Hardware Cost Analysis, Scaling Read vs. Write Workloads, Choosing Between Xeon Scalable Tiers
5. Maintenance Considerations
Proper maintenance ensures the longevity and sustained performance of the specialized hardware components, particularly the high-speed NVMe drives and dense memory arrays.
5.1. Thermal Management and Airflow
Due to the dual high-TDP CPUs (Gold series) and the dense population of NVMe drives, thermal management is crucial.
1. **Rack Placement:** The server must be installed in a rack with verified high CFM (Cubic Feet per Minute) airflow capacity, preferably in a cold aisle containment system. 2. **Temperature Monitoring:** Continuous monitoring of the BMC (Baseboard Management Controller) is required. Sustained ambient temperatures exceeding 28°C can lead to CPU throttling, negating the performance gains of the high-end chips. 3. **Fan Speed Profiles:** The system BIOS should be configured to use a **Performance Cooling Profile** rather than a standard "Balanced" profile to maintain lower component junction temperatures under load.
- Related Reading:* Data Center Cooling Best Practices, Understanding BMC Alerts
5.2. Power Requirements and UPS
The 2N redundant 1600W Platinum PSUs require a stable power source.
- **Peak Draw Estimation:** Under full load (CPU stress testing and maximum NVMe I/O), the system draw is estimated to peak around 1100W.
- **UPS Sizing:** The Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) protecting this server should be sized to handle the peak draw plus ancillary equipment (network switches) and provide a minimum of 30 minutes of runtime at 75% load capacity to allow for orderly shutdown or failover during extended outages.
5.3. Storage Health Monitoring
The reliance on high-end NVMe drives for transaction processing necessitates proactive health monitoring beyond standard RAID status.
1. **SMART Data Collection:** Automated scripts must poll NVMe SMART data, focusing specifically on `Media_and_Devices_Reliability` indicators and **SSD Endurance Remaining (Percentage Lifetime Used)**. 2. **Firmware Management:** NVMe firmware updates are less frequent than traditional HDD/SATA SSDs but must be applied during scheduled maintenance windows, as firmware revisions often contain critical performance enhancements related to garbage collection and wear leveling algorithms.
- Related Reading:* SSD Endurance Metrics Explained, Server Firmware Update Procedures
5.4. Software Maintenance Cycle
The software stack must be maintained rigorously to leverage hardware capabilities.
- **PHP Optimization:** Ensure PHP is running the latest stable version (e.g., 8.3+) compiled with JIT (Just-In-Time) compilation enabled, which benefits significantly from the high L3 cache and core count.
- **Database Tuning:** Regular review of the database configuration (`my.cnf` or `mariadb.cnf`) is necessary to ensure the InnoDB Buffer Pool (384GB) is correctly sized relative to the active working set of the wiki.
- **Kernel Tuning:** Network stack parameters (TCP buffer sizes, socket limits) should be tuned via `/etc/sysctl.conf` to prevent saturation on the 25GbE interfaces under extreme read concurrency.
- Related Reading:* Tuning PHP-FPM for MediaWiki, Optimizing InnoDB Buffer Pool Size, Linux Network Stack Tuning
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Intel-Based Server Configurations
| Configuration | Specifications | Benchmark |
|---|---|---|
| Core i7-6700K/7700 Server | 64 GB DDR4, NVMe SSD 2 x 512 GB | CPU Benchmark: 8046 |
| Core i7-8700 Server | 64 GB DDR4, NVMe SSD 2x1 TB | CPU Benchmark: 13124 |
| Core i9-9900K Server | 128 GB DDR4, NVMe SSD 2 x 1 TB | CPU Benchmark: 49969 |
| Core i9-13900 Server (64GB) | 64 GB RAM, 2x2 TB NVMe SSD | |
| Core i9-13900 Server (128GB) | 128 GB RAM, 2x2 TB NVMe SSD | |
| Core i5-13500 Server (64GB) | 64 GB RAM, 2x500 GB NVMe SSD | |
| Core i5-13500 Server (128GB) | 128 GB RAM, 2x500 GB NVMe SSD | |
| Core i5-13500 Workstation | 64 GB DDR5 RAM, 2 NVMe SSD, NVIDIA RTX 4000 |
AMD-Based Server Configurations
| Configuration | Specifications | Benchmark |
|---|---|---|
| Ryzen 5 3600 Server | 64 GB RAM, 2x480 GB NVMe | CPU Benchmark: 17849 |
| Ryzen 7 7700 Server | 64 GB DDR5 RAM, 2x1 TB NVMe | CPU Benchmark: 35224 |
| Ryzen 9 5950X Server | 128 GB RAM, 2x4 TB NVMe | CPU Benchmark: 46045 |
| Ryzen 9 7950X Server | 128 GB DDR5 ECC, 2x2 TB NVMe | CPU Benchmark: 63561 |
| EPYC 7502P Server (128GB/1TB) | 128 GB RAM, 1 TB NVMe | CPU Benchmark: 48021 |
| EPYC 7502P Server (128GB/2TB) | 128 GB RAM, 2 TB NVMe | CPU Benchmark: 48021 |
| EPYC 7502P Server (128GB/4TB) | 128 GB RAM, 2x2 TB NVMe | CPU Benchmark: 48021 |
| EPYC 7502P Server (256GB/1TB) | 256 GB RAM, 1 TB NVMe | CPU Benchmark: 48021 |
| EPYC 7502P Server (256GB/4TB) | 256 GB RAM, 2x2 TB NVMe | CPU Benchmark: 48021 |
| EPYC 9454P Server | 256 GB RAM, 2x2 TB NVMe |
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⚠️ *Note: All benchmark scores are approximate and may vary based on configuration. Server availability subject to stock.* ⚠️