Cloud computing services

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This document details the hardware specifications, performance characteristics, recommended use cases, comparisons, and maintenance considerations for our standard Cloud Computing Services server configuration. This configuration is designed for a broad range of cloud workloads, prioritizing a balance of compute, memory, and storage performance. This document is intended for internal use by System Administrators, DevOps Engineers, and Support Staff.

1. Hardware Specifications

This configuration represents a standardized platform utilized across multiple availability zones. Minor variations may occur due to component sourcing, but the core specifications remain consistent.

Component Specification Details
CPU 2 x 3rd Gen Intel Xeon Scalable Processor (Ice Lake) Model: Intel Xeon Gold 6338 (32 Cores/64 Threads per CPU) Base Clock: 2.0 GHz Max Turbo Frequency: 3.4 GHz L3 Cache: 48 MB per CPU TDP: 205W
Motherboard Supermicro X12DPG-QT6 Chipset: Intel C621A Form Factor: ATX Supports up to 4TB DDR4 ECC Registered Memory PCIe 4.0 Support
RAM 512 GB DDR4-3200 ECC Registered DIMMs Configuration: 16 x 32GB DIMMs Rank: Dual Rank Speed: 3200 MHz Error Correction Code (ECC): Yes Buffered/Registered: Registered
Storage - Primary (OS) 480 GB NVMe PCIe Gen4 SSD Model: Samsung PM9A8 Interface: PCIe 4.0 x4 Read Speed (Sequential): Up to 7000 MB/s Write Speed (Sequential): Up to 5500 MB/s - Storage - Secondary (Data) 7.68 TB U.2 NVMe PCIe Gen4 SSD (RAID 10) Model: Micron 9300 Pro Interface: PCIe 4.0 x4 Read Speed (Sequential): Up to 7000 MB/s Write Speed (Sequential): Up to 6500 MB/s RAID Controller: Broadcom MegaRAID SAS 9361-8i RAID Level: RAID 10 (Mirrored & Striped)
Network Interface Card (NIC) 2 x 100 Gigabit Ethernet (100GbE) Controller: Mellanox ConnectX-6 Dx Connectivity: QSFP28 Offload Engines: RoCEv2, iWARP, VXLAN
Power Supply Unit (PSU) 2 x 1600W Redundant 80+ Platinum Efficiency: 94% at 50% Load Form Factor: ATX Hot-Swappable: Yes
Cooling Redundant Hot-Swappable Fans System: Multiple high-speed fans with RPM control CPU: Dedicated CPU Heatsinks with heat pipes Chassis: Optimized airflow design for efficient heat dissipation
Chassis 2U Rackmount Server Chassis Form Factor: 2U Material: Steel Drive Bays: 8 x 2.5" Hot-Swap Expansion Slots: Multiple PCIe 4.0 slots
Baseboard Management Controller (BMC) IPMI 2.0 Compliant Remote Management: Web-based GUI, CLI, Serial Console Network Connectivity: Dedicated Gigabit Ethernet port Out-of-Band Management: Yes


Further details on specific components can be found on their respective pages:

  • [Intel Xeon Scalable Processors](Intel_Xeon_Scalable_Processors)
  • [DDR4 Memory Technology](DDR4_Memory_Technology)
  • [NVMe SSD Technology](NVMe_SSD_Technology)
  • [RAID Configuration Guide](RAID_Configuration_Guide)
  • [100GbE Networking](100GbE_Networking)
  • [Power Supply Redundancy](Power_Supply_Redundancy)
  • [IPMI and BMC](IPMI_and_BMC)


2. Performance Characteristics

This configuration is designed to deliver consistent, high-performance for a variety of cloud workloads. The following benchmarks represent typical performance under controlled conditions. Real-world performance will vary depending on the specific application, data set, and concurrent user load. All benchmarks were conducted in a controlled environment with consistent ambient temperature and power conditions.

  • **CPU Performance (SPECint 2017):** Approximately 280 (Higher is better). This score reflects the integer processing capabilities of the dual Xeon processors. See [SPEC CPU Benchmarking](SPEC_CPU_Benchmarking) for details on the SPECint 2017 benchmark.
  • **CPU Performance (SPECfp 2017):** Approximately 220 (Higher is better). This score reflects the floating-point processing capabilities.
  • **Storage Performance (IOMeter):**
   * **Sequential Read (RAID 10):**  Up to 35,000 IOPS, 6.8 GB/s
   * **Sequential Write (RAID 10):** Up to 28,000 IOPS, 5.2 GB/s
   * **Random Read (4KB, RAID 10):** Up to 500,000 IOPS
   * **Random Write (4KB, RAID 10):** Up to 300,000 IOPS
  • **Network Performance:**
   * **Throughput (100GbE):**  Up to 90 Gbps (bidirectional)
   * **Latency (100GbE):**  <100 microseconds (measured between servers in the same availability zone)


    • Real-World Performance Examples:**
  • **Web Application Server (LAMP Stack):** Capable of handling approximately 10,000 concurrent users with average response times under 200ms. (Benchmarked with Apache, PHP, and a 5GB database).
  • **Database Server (PostgreSQL):** Sustained performance of 20,000 transactions per second (TPS) with a 100GB database. See [Database Optimization Techniques](Database_Optimization_Techniques) for tuning guidance.
  • **Virtual Machine Host (KVM):** Can reliably host up to 50 virtual machines, each with 4 vCPUs, 16GB RAM, and 100GB storage, while maintaining acceptable performance levels. See [Virtualization Best Practices](Virtualization_Best_Practices).
  • **Container Orchestration (Kubernetes):** Handles up to 200 containers with minimal overhead, providing a stable platform for microservices deployments. See [Kubernetes Deployment Guide](Kubernetes_Deployment_Guide).

3. Recommended Use Cases

This configuration is ideally suited for the following cloud computing applications:

  • **High-Performance Computing (HPC):** Suitable for workloads requiring significant computational power, such as scientific simulations, financial modeling, and data analytics.
  • **Virtualization:** Excellent platform for hosting virtual machines, providing a flexible and scalable infrastructure.
  • **Containerization:** Well-suited for deploying and managing containerized applications using Docker and Kubernetes.
  • **Database Servers:** Capable of handling demanding database workloads, supporting both relational and NoSQL databases.
  • **Web Application Servers:** Provides the performance and scalability required for hosting high-traffic web applications.
  • **Big Data Analytics:** Can support data processing and analysis tasks using frameworks like Hadoop and Spark.
  • **Machine Learning:** Suitable for training and deploying machine learning models, especially those requiring significant CPU and memory resources.
  • **Video Encoding/Transcoding:** Process and deliver video content efficiently.

4. Comparison with Similar Configurations

The following table compares this configuration to two other common cloud server configurations.

Feature Standard Cloud Configuration (This Document) Entry-Level Cloud Configuration High-Memory Cloud Configuration
CPU 2 x Intel Xeon Gold 6338 (32C/64T) 2 x Intel Xeon Silver 4310 (12C/24T) 2 x Intel Xeon Platinum 8380 (40C/80T)
RAM 512 GB DDR4-3200 128 GB DDR4-2666 1 TB DDR4-3200
Storage (Primary) 480 GB NVMe PCIe Gen4 240 GB NVMe PCIe Gen3 480 GB NVMe PCIe Gen4
Storage (Secondary) 7.68 TB U.2 NVMe PCIe Gen4 (RAID 10) 3.84 TB U.2 NVMe PCIe Gen3 (RAID 1) 15.36 TB U.2 NVMe PCIe Gen4 (RAID 10)
Network 2 x 100GbE 2 x 10GbE 2 x 100GbE
Approximate Monthly Cost $2,500 - $3,500 $1,000 - $1,500 $4,000 - $6,000
Ideal Use Cases Wide range of demanding workloads, including HPC, virtualization, databases, and web applications. Small to medium-sized web applications, development/testing environments, and basic database servers. Memory-intensive applications, such as in-memory databases, large-scale data analytics, and high-performance computing.

The **Entry-Level Cloud Configuration** offers a more affordable option for less demanding workloads. However, it sacrifices performance and scalability. The **High-Memory Cloud Configuration** provides significantly more RAM, making it ideal for applications that require large amounts of memory. Choosing the right configuration depends on the specific requirements of the application. See [Cloud Service Tier Selection](Cloud_Service_Tier_Selection) for detailed guidance.

5. Maintenance Considerations

Maintaining optimal performance and reliability requires careful attention to several key areas.

  • **Cooling:** The server generates significant heat, particularly under heavy load. Ensure adequate airflow within the data center. Maintain a consistent ambient temperature between 20-24°C (68-75°F). Regularly check and clean fan filters to prevent dust accumulation. Monitor CPU and component temperatures using the IPMI interface. See [Data Center Cooling Best Practices](Data_Center_Cooling_Best_Practices).
  • **Power Requirements:** The server requires a minimum of 3000W of power to operate reliably, accounting for redundancy. Ensure the power distribution units (PDUs) have sufficient capacity. Utilize redundant power feeds to minimize downtime in the event of a power failure.
  • **Storage Monitoring:** Regularly monitor the health of the SSDs using SMART data. Replace drives proactively to prevent data loss. Verify RAID array integrity. Implement a robust backup and disaster recovery plan.
  • **Network Monitoring:** Monitor network performance and identify potential bottlenecks. Ensure that the 100GbE connections are properly configured and optimized.
  • **Software Updates:** Keep the operating system, firmware, and drivers up to date to address security vulnerabilities and improve performance. Follow a documented change management process.
  • **Physical Security:** Ensure the server is housed in a secure data center with restricted access.
  • **Regular Inspections:** Conduct routine physical inspections of the server and its components to identify potential issues.
  • **Log Analysis:** Regularly review system logs for errors or warnings that may indicate underlying problems. See [Server Log Management](Server_Log_Management).
  • **Remote Management:** Utilize the IPMI interface for remote monitoring, control, and troubleshooting.
  • **Firmware Updates:** Regularly update the firmware on all components (BIOS, RAID controller, NICs) to ensure optimal performance and compatibility. See [Firmware Update Procedures](Firmware_Update_Procedures).


    • Troubleshooting Resources:**
  • [Hardware Troubleshooting Guide](Hardware_Troubleshooting_Guide)
  • [Common Server Errors](Common_Server_Errors)
  • [Support Contact Information](Support_Contact_Information)

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Intel-Based Server Configurations

Configuration Specifications Benchmark
Core i7-6700K/7700 Server 64 GB DDR4, NVMe SSD 2 x 512 GB CPU Benchmark: 8046
Core i7-8700 Server 64 GB DDR4, NVMe SSD 2x1 TB CPU Benchmark: 13124
Core i9-9900K Server 128 GB DDR4, NVMe SSD 2 x 1 TB CPU Benchmark: 49969
Core i9-13900 Server (64GB) 64 GB RAM, 2x2 TB NVMe SSD
Core i9-13900 Server (128GB) 128 GB RAM, 2x2 TB NVMe SSD
Core i5-13500 Server (64GB) 64 GB RAM, 2x500 GB NVMe SSD
Core i5-13500 Server (128GB) 128 GB RAM, 2x500 GB NVMe SSD
Core i5-13500 Workstation 64 GB DDR5 RAM, 2 NVMe SSD, NVIDIA RTX 4000

AMD-Based Server Configurations

Configuration Specifications Benchmark
Ryzen 5 3600 Server 64 GB RAM, 2x480 GB NVMe CPU Benchmark: 17849
Ryzen 7 7700 Server 64 GB DDR5 RAM, 2x1 TB NVMe CPU Benchmark: 35224
Ryzen 9 5950X Server 128 GB RAM, 2x4 TB NVMe CPU Benchmark: 46045
Ryzen 9 7950X Server 128 GB DDR5 ECC, 2x2 TB NVMe CPU Benchmark: 63561
EPYC 7502P Server (128GB/1TB) 128 GB RAM, 1 TB NVMe CPU Benchmark: 48021
EPYC 7502P Server (128GB/2TB) 128 GB RAM, 2 TB NVMe CPU Benchmark: 48021
EPYC 7502P Server (128GB/4TB) 128 GB RAM, 2x2 TB NVMe CPU Benchmark: 48021
EPYC 7502P Server (256GB/1TB) 256 GB RAM, 1 TB NVMe CPU Benchmark: 48021
EPYC 7502P Server (256GB/4TB) 256 GB RAM, 2x2 TB NVMe CPU Benchmark: 48021
EPYC 9454P Server 256 GB RAM, 2x2 TB NVMe

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⚠️ *Note: All benchmark scores are approximate and may vary based on configuration. Server availability subject to stock.* ⚠️

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