Chipset Functionality

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This document provides a comprehensive technical overview of a server configuration based on the Intel C621A chipset, focusing on its functionality, performance, and operational considerations. This document is intended for system administrators, hardware engineers, and IT professionals responsible for deploying and maintaining servers based on this platform.

1. Hardware Specifications

This configuration centers around the Intel C621A chipset, designed for single-socket Intel Xeon Scalable processors. This chipset offers a robust feature set for enterprise-level server deployments.

Processor

  • CPU: Intel Xeon Silver 4310 (12 Cores / 24 Threads)
   * Base Frequency: 2.1 GHz
   * Max Turbo Frequency: 3.3 GHz
   * Cache: 18 MB Intel Smart Cache
   * TDP: 120W
   * Socket: LGA 4189
   * Supported Instruction Sets:  AVX-512, AVX2, FMA3, Intel® SSE4.1, Intel® SSE4.2, Intel® AVX
   * Internal Link: Intel Xeon Scalable Processors

Chipset

  • Chipset: Intel C621A
   * PCIe Lanes: Up to 64 PCIe 3.0 lanes (directly from CPU) + 24 from chipset.
   * DMI3.0: x8 DMI 3.0 link to the chipset.
   * SATA Ports: 8 x SATA 6.0 Gb/s ports with RAID 0, 1, 5, 10 support (via chipset).
   * USB Ports: 14 x USB ports (combination of USB 3.2 Gen 1 and USB 2.0). See detailed breakdown below.
   * Ethernet: Integrated Intel I219-LM Gigabit Ethernet Controller.  Network Interface Cards
   * Internal Link: Intel C621A Chipset Overview

Memory

  • RAM: 128GB DDR4-3200 ECC Registered DIMMs (RDIMMs)
   * Configuration: 8 x 16GB DIMMs
   * Channels: 6 Memory Channels (supported by the CPU)
   * Max Memory Capacity: Up to 4TB (depending on CPU and DIMM configuration)
   * Internal Link: DDR4 Memory Technology

Storage

  • Boot Drive: 500GB NVMe PCIe Gen3 x4 SSD
   * Interface: NVMe PCIe 3.0 x4
   * Read Speed (Sequential): Up to 3500 MB/s
   * Write Speed (Sequential): Up to 3000 MB/s
  • Data Storage: 8 x 8TB SATA 6.0 Gb/s 7200 RPM Hard Disk Drives (HDDs) in RAID 10 configuration.
   * Interface: SATA 6.0 Gb/s
   * Cache: 256MB
   * Internal Link: RAID Configuration and Management

Expansion Slots

  • PCIe 3.0 x16: 2 slots
  • PCIe 3.0 x8: 2 slots
  • PCIe 3.0 x4: 1 slot
  • Internal Link: PCIe Bus Standards

Networking

  • Onboard Ethernet: Intel I219-LM Gigabit Ethernet
  • Optional Add-in Card: 10GbE Network Interface Card (NIC) - Network Interface Cards

Power Supply

  • Power Supply: 800W 80+ Platinum Certified Redundant Power Supplies
   * Input Voltage: 100-240VAC
   * Internal Link: Server Power Supplies

USB Ports

Port Type Quantity
USB 3.2 Gen 1 (5 Gbps) 6 (Front & Rear)
USB 2.0 8 (Front & Rear)

Form Factor

  • Chassis: 2U Rackmount Server

2. Performance Characteristics

This configuration is designed for balanced performance, prioritizing core count and storage throughput.

CPU Performance

  • SPEC CPU2017 Integer Rate 1: ~85
  • SPEC CPU2017 Floating Point Rate 1: ~120
  • PassMark CPU Mark: ~15,000
  • Internal Link: Server Benchmarking

Storage Performance

  • Boot Drive (NVMe):
   * CrystalDiskMark (Sequential Read): 3400 MB/s
   * CrystalDiskMark (Sequential Write): 2900 MB/s
   * IOPS (Random Read/Write): ~300k/250k
  • RAID 10 Array (8 x 8TB HDDs):
   * CrystalDiskMark (Sequential Read): ~800 MB/s
   * CrystalDiskMark (Sequential Write): ~700 MB/s
   * IOPS (Random Read/Write): ~15k/12k

Network Performance

  • Gigabit Ethernet: ~940 Mbps Throughput
  • 10GbE (Add-in Card): ~9.5 Gbps Throughput

Real-World Performance

  • Virtualization (VMware ESXi): Supports up to 40 virtual machines with 4 vCPUs and 16GB RAM each, depending on workload.
  • Database Server (MySQL): Handles approximately 10,000 concurrent connections with moderate query complexity.
  • Web Server (Apache): Supports approximately 5,000 requests per second with static content.
  • File Server (SMB/NFS): Provides approximately 1.5 GB/s file transfer speeds.

3. Recommended Use Cases

This server configuration is well-suited for a variety of applications:

  • Small to Medium Business Server: Ideal for general-purpose server tasks, including file sharing, print serving, and email.
  • Virtualization Host: Provides sufficient resources to host a moderate number of virtual machines. Server Virtualization
  • Database Server (Small to Medium Scale): Capable of supporting moderately sized databases with reasonable performance.
  • Web Server (Moderate Traffic): Handles moderate web traffic with good responsiveness.
  • Application Server: Suitable for running business applications that require a reliable and scalable platform.
  • Backup Server: The large storage capacity makes it ideal for backup and disaster recovery solutions.
  • Media Server: Capable of streaming high-definition content to multiple clients.

4. Comparison with Similar Configurations

Here's a comparison with other common server configurations:

Feature Configuration 1 (This Document - C621A) Configuration 2 (C622A - Dual Socket) Configuration 3 (AMD EPYC 7313)
CPU Intel Xeon Silver 4310 (Single Socket) 2 x Intel Xeon Gold 6338 (Dual Socket) AMD EPYC 7313 (Single Socket)
Core Count 12 32 16
Memory Capacity 128GB 512GB 256GB
PCIe Lanes 88 128 128
Storage Options SATA/SAS/NVMe SATA/SAS/NVMe SATA/SAS/NVMe
Typical Cost $5,000 - $7,000 $12,000 - $18,000 $6,000 - $8,000
Ideal Use Case SMB Server, Virtualization (Moderate) High-Performance Database, Large-Scale Virtualization Virtualization, HPC, Data Analytics
  • Intel C622A (Dual Socket): Offers significantly higher core counts and memory capacity but at a much higher cost. Suitable for demanding workloads that require maximum processing power.
  • AMD EPYC 7313: Provides a competitive alternative with a strong core count and PCIe lane availability. Often offers a better price-performance ratio for certain workloads. AMD EPYC Processors

5. Maintenance Considerations

Proper maintenance is crucial for ensuring the long-term reliability and performance of this server.

Cooling

  • Cooling System: Redundant hot-swappable fans are essential for maintaining optimal temperature.
  • Ambient Temperature: Maintain a server room temperature between 20°C and 25°C (68°F and 77°F).
  • Airflow: Ensure adequate airflow around the server chassis. Avoid blocking vents. Server Cooling Systems
  • Regular Cleaning: Regularly clean dust from fans and heat sinks.

Power Requirements

  • Power Consumption (Typical): 300-500W
  • Power Redundancy: Utilize redundant power supplies to prevent downtime in case of PSU failure.
  • UPS (Uninterruptible Power Supply): Implement a UPS to protect against power outages and voltage fluctuations. Uninterruptible Power Supplies

Storage Maintenance

  • RAID Monitoring: Regularly monitor the health of the RAID array. Replace failing drives promptly.
  • Firmware Updates: Keep the firmware of SSDs and HDDs up to date.
  • Data Backups: Implement a robust data backup strategy to protect against data loss. Data Backup and Recovery

Software Updates

  • BIOS/Firmware: Regularly update the server's BIOS and firmware to benefit from bug fixes and performance improvements.
  • Operating System: Keep the operating system and all installed software up to date with the latest security patches.
  • Drivers: Ensure that all hardware drivers are current and compatible.

Remote Management

Physical Security

  • Rack Security: Secure the server rack to prevent unauthorized access.
  • Environmental Monitoring: Implement environmental monitoring systems to track temperature, humidity, and other critical parameters.

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Intel-Based Server Configurations

Configuration Specifications Benchmark
Core i7-6700K/7700 Server 64 GB DDR4, NVMe SSD 2 x 512 GB CPU Benchmark: 8046
Core i7-8700 Server 64 GB DDR4, NVMe SSD 2x1 TB CPU Benchmark: 13124
Core i9-9900K Server 128 GB DDR4, NVMe SSD 2 x 1 TB CPU Benchmark: 49969
Core i9-13900 Server (64GB) 64 GB RAM, 2x2 TB NVMe SSD
Core i9-13900 Server (128GB) 128 GB RAM, 2x2 TB NVMe SSD
Core i5-13500 Server (64GB) 64 GB RAM, 2x500 GB NVMe SSD
Core i5-13500 Server (128GB) 128 GB RAM, 2x500 GB NVMe SSD
Core i5-13500 Workstation 64 GB DDR5 RAM, 2 NVMe SSD, NVIDIA RTX 4000

AMD-Based Server Configurations

Configuration Specifications Benchmark
Ryzen 5 3600 Server 64 GB RAM, 2x480 GB NVMe CPU Benchmark: 17849
Ryzen 7 7700 Server 64 GB DDR5 RAM, 2x1 TB NVMe CPU Benchmark: 35224
Ryzen 9 5950X Server 128 GB RAM, 2x4 TB NVMe CPU Benchmark: 46045
Ryzen 9 7950X Server 128 GB DDR5 ECC, 2x2 TB NVMe CPU Benchmark: 63561
EPYC 7502P Server (128GB/1TB) 128 GB RAM, 1 TB NVMe CPU Benchmark: 48021
EPYC 7502P Server (128GB/2TB) 128 GB RAM, 2 TB NVMe CPU Benchmark: 48021
EPYC 7502P Server (128GB/4TB) 128 GB RAM, 2x2 TB NVMe CPU Benchmark: 48021
EPYC 7502P Server (256GB/1TB) 256 GB RAM, 1 TB NVMe CPU Benchmark: 48021
EPYC 7502P Server (256GB/4TB) 256 GB RAM, 2x2 TB NVMe CPU Benchmark: 48021
EPYC 9454P Server 256 GB RAM, 2x2 TB NVMe

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⚠️ *Note: All benchmark scores are approximate and may vary based on configuration. Server availability subject to stock.* ⚠️

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