Ceph Monitoring Stack
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- Server Configuration Documentation: Template:DocumentationHeader
This document provides a comprehensive technical specification and operational guide for the server configuration designated internally as **Template:DocumentationHeader**. This baseline configuration is designed to serve as a standardized, high-throughput platform for virtualization and container orchestration workloads across our data center infrastructure.
---
- 1. Hardware Specifications
The **Template:DocumentationHeader** configuration represents a dual-socket, 2U rack-mount server derived from the latest generation of enterprise hardware. Strict adherence to component selection ensures optimal compatibility, thermal stability, and validated performance metrics.
- 1.1. Base Platform and Chassis
The foundational element is a validated 2U chassis supporting high-density component integration.
| Component | Specification |
|---|---|
| Chassis Model | Vendor XYZ R4800 Series (2U) |
| Motherboard | Dual Socket LGA-5124 (Proprietary Vendor XYZ Board) |
| Power Supplies (PSU) | 2x 1600W 80 PLUS Platinum, Hot-Swappable, Redundant (1+1) |
| Management Controller | Integrated Baseboard Management Controller (BMC) v4.1 (IPMI 2.0 Compliant) |
| Networking (Onboard LOM) | 2x 10GbE Base-T (Broadcom BCM57416) |
| Expansion Slots | 4x PCIe Gen 5 x16 Full Height, Half Length (FHFL) |
For deeper understanding of the chassis design principles, refer to Chassis Design Principles.
- 1.2. Central Processing Units (CPUs)
This configuration mandates the use of dual-socket CPUs from the latest generation, balancing core density with high single-thread performance.
| Parameter | Specification (Per Socket) |
|---|---|
| Processor Family | Intel Xeon Scalable Processor (Sapphire Rapids Equivalent) |
| Model Number | 2x Intel Xeon Gold 6548Y (or equivalent tier) |
| Core Count | 32 Cores / 64 Threads (Total 64 Cores / 128 Threads) |
| Base Clock Frequency | 2.5 GHz |
| Max Turbo Frequency | Up to 4.1 GHz (Single Core) |
| L3 Cache Size | 60 MB (Total 120 MB Shared) |
| TDP (Thermal Design Power) | 250W per CPU |
| Memory Channels Supported | 8 Channels DDR5 |
The choice of the 'Y' series designation prioritizes memory bandwidth and I/O capabilities critical for virtualization density, as detailed in CPU Memory Channel Architecture.
- 1.3. System Memory (RAM)
Memory capacity and speed are critical for maximizing VM density. This configuration utilizes high-speed DDR5 ECC Registered DIMMs (RDIMMs).
| Parameter | Specification |
|---|---|
| Total Capacity | 1.5 TB (Terabytes) |
| Module Type | DDR5 ECC RDIMM |
| Module Density | 12x 128 GB DIMMs |
| Configuration | Fully Populated (12 DIMMs per CPU, 24 Total) – Optimal for 8-channel interleaving |
| Memory Speed | 4800 MT/s (JEDEC Standard) |
| Error Correction | ECC (Error-Correcting Code) |
Note on population: To maintain optimal performance across the dual-socket topology and ensure maximum memory bandwidth utilization, the population must strictly adhere to the Dual Socket Memory Population Guidelines.
- 1.4. Storage Subsystem
The storage configuration is optimized for high Input/Output Operations Per Second (IOPS) suitable for active operating systems and high-transaction databases. It employs a combination of NVMe SSDs for primary storage and a high-speed RAID controller for redundancy and management.
- 1.4.1. Boot and System Drive
A small, dedicated RAID array for the hypervisor OS.
| Component | Specification |
|---|---|
| Drives | 2x 480 GB SATA M.2 SSDs (Enterprise Grade) |
| RAID Level | RAID 1 (Mirroring) |
| Controller | Onboard SATA Controller (Managed via BMC) |
- 1.4.2. Primary Data Storage
The main storage pool relies exclusively on high-performance NVMe drives connected via PCIe Gen 5.
| Component | Specification |
|---|---|
| Drive Type | NVMe PCIe Gen 4/5 U.2 SSDs |
| Total Drives | 8x 3.84 TB Drives |
| RAID Controller | Dedicated Hardware RAID Card (e.g., Broadcom MegaRAID 9750-8i Gen 5) |
| RAID Level | RAID 10 (Striped Mirrors) |
| Usable Capacity (Approx.) | 12.28 TB (Raw 30.72 TB) |
| Interface | PCIe Gen 5 x8 (via dedicated backplane) |
The use of a dedicated hardware RAID controller is mandatory to offload parity calculations from the main CPUs, adhering to RAID Controller Offloading Standards. Further details on NVMe drive selection can be found in NVMe Drive Qualification List.
- 1.5. Networking Interface Cards (NICs)
While the LOM provides 10GbE connectivity for management, high-throughput data plane operations require dedicated expansion cards.
| Slot | Adapter Type | Quantity | Configuration |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCIe Slot 1 | 100GbE Mellanox ConnectX-7 (2x QSFP56) | 1 | Dedicated Storage/Infiniband Fabric (If applicable) |
| PCIe Slot 2 | 25GbE SFP+ Adapter (Intel E810 Series) | 1 | Primary Data Plane Uplink |
| PCIe Slot 3 | Unpopulated (Reserved for future expansion) | 0 | N/A |
The 100GbE card is typically configured for RoCEv2 (RDMA over Converged Ethernet) when deployed in High-Performance Computing (HPC) clusters, referencing RDMA Implementation Guide.
---
- 2. Performance Characteristics
The **Template:DocumentationHeader** configuration is tuned for balanced throughput and low latency, particularly in I/O-bound virtualization scenarios. Performance validation is conducted using industry-standard synthetic benchmarks and application-specific workload simulations.
- 2.1. Synthetic Benchmark Results
The following results represent average performance measured under controlled, standardized ambient conditions ($22^{\circ}C$, 40% humidity) using the specified hardware components.
- 2.1.1. CPU Benchmarks (SPECrate 2017 Integer)
SPECrate measures sustained throughput across multiple concurrent threads, relevant for virtual machine density.
| Metric | Result (Average) | Unit |
|---|---|---|
| SPECrate_int_base | 580 | Score |
| SPECrate_int_peak | 615 | Score |
| Notes | Results achieved with all 128 threads active, optimized compiler flags (-O3, AVX-512 enabled). |
These figures confirm the strong multi-threaded capacity of the 64-core platform. For single-threaded performance metrics, refer to Single Thread Performance Analysis.
- 2.1.2. Memory Bandwidth Testing (AIDA64 Read/Write)
Measuring the aggregate memory bandwidth across the dual-socket configuration.
| Operation | Measured Throughput | Unit |
|---|---|---|
| Memory Read Speed (Aggregate) | 320 | GB/s |
| Memory Write Speed (Aggregate) | 285 | GB/s |
| Latency (First Access) | 58 | Nanoseconds (ns) |
The latency figures are slightly elevated compared to single-socket configurations due to necessary NUMA node communication overhead, discussed in NUMA Node Interconnect Latency.
- 2.2. Storage Performance (IOPS and Throughput)
Storage performance is the primary differentiator for this configuration, leveraging PCIe Gen 5 NVMe drives in a RAID 10 topology.
- 2.2.1. FIO Benchmarks (Random I/O)
Testing small, random I/O patterns (4K block size), critical for VM boot storms and transactional databases.
| Queue Depth (QD) | IOPS (Read) | IOPS (Write) |
|---|---|---|
| QD=32 (Per Drive Emulation) | 280,000 | 255,000 |
| QD=256 (Aggregate Array) | > 1,800,000 | > 1,650,000 |
Sustained performance at higher queue depths demonstrates the efficiency of the dedicated RAID controller and the NVMe controllers in handling parallel requests.
- 2.2.2. Sequential Throughput
Testing large sequential transfers (128K block size), relevant for backups and large file processing.
| Operation | Measured Throughput | Unit |
|---|---|---|
| Sequential Read (Max) | 18.5 | GB/s |
| Sequential Write (Max) | 16.2 | GB/s |
These throughput figures are constrained by the PCIe Gen 5 x8 link to the RAID controller and the internal signaling limits of the NVMe drives themselves. See PCIe Gen 5 Bandwidth Limitations for detailed analysis.
- 2.3. Real-World Workload Simulation
Performance validation involves simulating container density and general-purpose virtualization loads using established internal testing suites.
- Scenario: Virtual Desktop Infrastructure (VDI) Density**
Running 300 concurrent light-use VDI sessions (Windows 10/Office Suite).
- Observed CPU Utilization: 75% sustained.
- Observed Memory Utilization: 95% (1.42 TB used).
- Result: Stable performance with <150ms average desktop latency.
- Scenario: Kubernetes Node Density**
Deploying standard microservices containers (average 1.5 vCPU, 4GB RAM per pod).
- Maximum Stable Pod Count: 180 pods.
- Failure Point: Exceeded IOPS limits when storage utilization surpassed 85% saturation, leading to increased container startup times.
This analysis confirms that storage I/O is the primary bottleneck when pushing density limits beyond the specified baseline. For I/O-intensive applications, consider the configuration variant detailed in Template:DocumentationHeader_HighIO.
---
- 3. Recommended Use Cases
The **Template:DocumentationHeader** configuration is specifically engineered for environments demanding a high balance between computational density, substantial memory allocation, and high-speed local storage access.
- 3.1. Virtualization Hosts (Hypervisors)
This is the primary intended role. The combination of 64 physical cores and 1.5 TB of RAM provides excellent VM consolidation ratios.
- **Enterprise Virtual Machines (VMs):** Hosting critical Windows Server or RHEL instances requiring dedicated CPU cores and large memory footprints (e.g., Domain Controllers, Application Servers).
- **High-Density KVM/VMware Deployments:** Ideal for running a large number of small to medium-sized virtual machines where maximizing the core-to-VM ratio is paramount.
- 3.2. Container Orchestration Platforms (Kubernetes/OpenShift)
The platform excels as a worker node in large-scale container environments.
- **Stateful Workloads:** The fast NVMe RAID 10 array is perfectly suited for persistent volumes (PVs) used by databases (e.g., PostgreSQL, MongoDB) running within containers, providing low-latency disk access that traditional SAN/NAS connections might struggle to match.
- **CI/CD Runners:** Excellent capacity for parallelizing build and test jobs due to high core count and fast local scratch space.
- 3.3. Data Processing and Analytics (Mid-Tier)
While not a dedicated HPC node, this server handles substantial in-memory processing tasks.
- **In-Memory Caching Layers (e.g., Redis, Memcached):** The 1.5 TB of RAM allows for massive, high-performance caching layers.
- **Small to Medium Apache Spark Clusters:** Suitable for running Spark Executors that benefit from both high core counts and fast access to intermediate shuffle data stored on the local NVMe drives.
- 3.4. Database Servers (OLTP Focus)
For Online Transaction Processing (OLTP) databases where latency is critical, this configuration is highly effective.
- The high IOPS capacity (1.8M Read IOPS) directly translates to improved transactional throughput for systems like SQL Server or Oracle RDBMS.
Configurations requiring extremely high sequential throughput (e.g., large-scale media transcoding) or extreme single-thread frequency should look towards configurations detailed in High Frequency Server SKUs.
---
- 4. Comparison with Similar Configurations
To contextualize the **Template:DocumentationHeader**, it is essential to compare it against two common alternatives: a memory-optimized configuration and a storage-dense configuration.
- 4.1. Configuration Variants Overview
| Configuration Variant | Primary Focus | CPU Cores (Total) | RAM (Total) | Primary Storage Type | | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | | **Template:DocumentationHeader (Baseline)** | Balanced I/O & Compute | 64 | 1.5 TB | 8x NVMe (RAID 10) | | Variant A: Memory Optimized | Max VM Density | 64 | 3.0 TB | 4x SATA SSD (RAID 1) | | Variant B: Storage Dense | Maximum Raw Capacity | 48 | 768 GB | 24x 10TB SAS HDD (RAID 6) |
- 4.2. Performance Comparison Matrix
This table illustrates the trade-offs when selecting a variant over the baseline.
| Metric | Baseline (Header) | Variant A (Memory Optimized) | Variant B (Storage Dense) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Max VM Count (Estimated) | High | Very High (Requires more RAM per VM) | Medium (CPU constrained) |
| 4K Random Read IOPS | **> 1.8 Million** | ~400,000 | ~50,000 (HDD bottleneck) |
| Memory Bandwidth (GB/s) | 320 | 400 (Higher DIMM count) | 240 (Slower DIMMs) |
| Single-Thread Performance | High | High | Medium (Lower TDP CPUs) |
| Raw Storage Capacity | 12.3 TB (Usable) | ~16 TB (Usable, Slower) | **> 170 TB (Usable)** |
- Analysis:**
1. **Variant A (Memory Optimized):** Provides double the RAM but sacrifices 66% of the high-speed NVMe IOPS capacity. It is ideal for applications that fit entirely in memory but do not require high disk transaction rates (e.g., Java application servers, large caches). See Memory Density Server Profiles. 2. **Variant B (Storage Dense):** Offers massive capacity but suffers significantly in performance due to the reliance on slower HDDs and a lower core count CPU. This is suitable only for archival, large-scale cold storage, or backup targets.
The **Template:DocumentationHeader** configuration remains the superior choice for transactional workloads where I/O latency directly impacts user experience.
---
- 5. Maintenance Considerations
Proper maintenance protocols are essential to ensure the longevity and sustained performance of the **Template:DocumentationHeader** deployment. Due to the high-power density of the dual 250W CPUs and the NVMe subsystem, thermal management and power redundancy are critical focus areas.
- 5.1. Power Requirements and Redundancy
The system is designed for resilience, utilizing dual hot-swappable Platinum-rated PSUs.
- **Peak Power Draw:** Under full load (CPU stress testing + 100% NVMe utilization), the system can draw up to 1350W.
- **Recommended Breaker Circuit:** Must be provisioned on a 20A circuit (or equivalent regional standard) for the rack PDU to ensure headroom for power supply inefficiencies and inrush current during boot cycles.
- **Redundancy:** Operation must always be maintained with both PSUs installed (N+1 redundancy). Failure of one PSU should trigger immediate alerts via the BMC, as detailed in BMC Alerting Configuration.
- 5.2. Thermal Management and Cooling
The 2U chassis relies heavily on optimized airflow management.
- **Airflow Direction:** Standard front-to-back cooling path. Ensure adequate clearance (minimum 30 inches) behind the rack for hot aisle exhaust.
- **Ambient Temperature:** Maximum sustained ambient intake temperature must not exceed $27^{\circ}C$ ($80.6^{\circ}F$). Exceeding this threshold forces the BMC to throttle CPU clock speeds to maintain thermal limits, resulting in performance degradation (see Section 2).
- **Fan Configuration:** The system uses high-static pressure fans. Noise levels are high; deployment in acoustically sensitive areas is discouraged. Refer to Data Center Thermal Standards for acceptable operating ranges.
- 5.3. Component Replacement Procedures
Due to the high component count (24 DIMMs), careful procedure is required for upgrades or replacements.
- 5.3.1. Storage Replacement (NVMe)
If an NVMe drive fails in the RAID 10 array: 1. Identify the failed drive via the RAID controller GUI or BMC interface. 2. Ensure the system is operating in a degraded state but still accessible. 3. Hot-swap the failed drive with an identical replacement part (same capacity, same vendor generation if possible). 4. Monitor the rebuild process. Full rebuild time for a 3.84 TB drive in RAID 10 can range from 8 to 14 hours, depending on ambient temperature and system load. Do not introduce high I/O workloads during the rebuild phase if possible.
- 5.3.2. Memory Upgrades
Memory upgrades require a full system shutdown. 1. Power down the system gracefully. 2. Disconnect power cords. 3. Grounding procedures (anti-static wrist strap) are mandatory. 4. When adding or replacing DIMMs, always populate slots strictly following the Dual Socket Memory Population Guidelines to maintain optimal interleaving and avoid triggering memory training errors during POST.
- 5.4. Firmware and Driver Lifecycle Management
Maintaining the firmware stack is crucial for stability, especially with PCIe Gen 5 components.
- **BIOS/UEFI:** Must be kept within one major revision of the vendor's latest release. Critical firmware updates often address memory training instability or NVMe controller compatibility issues.
- **RAID Controller Firmware:** Must be synchronized with the operating system's driver version to prevent data corruption or performance regressions. Check the Storage Controller Compatibility Matrix quarterly.
- **BMC Firmware:** Regular updates are required to patch security vulnerabilities and improve remote management features.
---
- 6. Advanced Configuration Notes
- 6.1. NUMA Topology Management
With 64 physical cores distributed across two sockets, the system operates under a Non-Uniform Memory Access (NUMA) architecture.
- **Policy Recommendation:** For most virtualization and database workloads, the host operating system (Hypervisor) should enforce **Prefer NUMA Local Access**. This ensures that a VM or container process primarily accesses memory physically attached to the CPU socket it is scheduled on, minimizing inter-socket latency across the UPI (Ultra Path Interconnect).
- **NUMA Spanning:** Workloads that require very large contiguous memory blocks exceeding 768 GB (half the total RAM) will inevitably span NUMA nodes. Performance impact is acceptable for non-time-critical tasks but should be avoided for sub-millisecond latency requirements.
- 6.2. Security Hardening
The platform supports hardware-assisted security features that should be enabled.
- **Trusted Platform Module (TPM) 2.0:** Must be enabled and provisioned for secure boot processes and disk encryption key storage.
- **Hardware Root of Trust:** Verify the integrity chain from the BMC firmware up through the BIOS during every boot sequence. Documentation on validating this chain is available in Hardware Root of Trust Validation.
- 6.3. Network Offloading Features
To maximize CPU availability, NICS should have offloading features enabled where supported by the workload.
- **Receive Side Scaling (RSS):** Mandatory for all 25GbE interfaces to distribute network processing load across multiple CPU cores.
- **TCP Segmentation Offload (TSO) / Large Send Offload (LSO):** Should be enabled for high-throughput transfers to minimize CPU cycles spent preparing network packets.
The selection of the appropriate NIC drivers, especially for the high-speed 100GbE adapter, is critical. Generic OS drivers are insufficient; vendor-specific, certified drivers must be used, as outlined in Network Driver Certification Policy.
---
- Conclusion
The **Template:DocumentationHeader** server configuration provides a robust, high-performance foundation for modern data center operations, striking an excellent balance between processing power, memory capacity, and low-latency storage access. Adherence to the specified hardware tiers and maintenance procedures outlined in this documentation is mandatory to ensure operational stability and performance consistency.
Intel-Based Server Configurations
| Configuration | Specifications | Benchmark |
|---|---|---|
| Core i7-6700K/7700 Server | 64 GB DDR4, NVMe SSD 2 x 512 GB | CPU Benchmark: 8046 |
| Core i7-8700 Server | 64 GB DDR4, NVMe SSD 2x1 TB | CPU Benchmark: 13124 |
| Core i9-9900K Server | 128 GB DDR4, NVMe SSD 2 x 1 TB | CPU Benchmark: 49969 |
| Core i9-13900 Server (64GB) | 64 GB RAM, 2x2 TB NVMe SSD | |
| Core i9-13900 Server (128GB) | 128 GB RAM, 2x2 TB NVMe SSD | |
| Core i5-13500 Server (64GB) | 64 GB RAM, 2x500 GB NVMe SSD | |
| Core i5-13500 Server (128GB) | 128 GB RAM, 2x500 GB NVMe SSD | |
| Core i5-13500 Workstation | 64 GB DDR5 RAM, 2 NVMe SSD, NVIDIA RTX 4000 |
AMD-Based Server Configurations
| Configuration | Specifications | Benchmark |
|---|---|---|
| Ryzen 5 3600 Server | 64 GB RAM, 2x480 GB NVMe | CPU Benchmark: 17849 |
| Ryzen 7 7700 Server | 64 GB DDR5 RAM, 2x1 TB NVMe | CPU Benchmark: 35224 |
| Ryzen 9 5950X Server | 128 GB RAM, 2x4 TB NVMe | CPU Benchmark: 46045 |
| Ryzen 9 7950X Server | 128 GB DDR5 ECC, 2x2 TB NVMe | CPU Benchmark: 63561 |
| EPYC 7502P Server (128GB/1TB) | 128 GB RAM, 1 TB NVMe | CPU Benchmark: 48021 |
| EPYC 7502P Server (128GB/2TB) | 128 GB RAM, 2 TB NVMe | CPU Benchmark: 48021 |
| EPYC 7502P Server (128GB/4TB) | 128 GB RAM, 2x2 TB NVMe | CPU Benchmark: 48021 |
| EPYC 7502P Server (256GB/1TB) | 256 GB RAM, 1 TB NVMe | CPU Benchmark: 48021 |
| EPYC 7502P Server (256GB/4TB) | 256 GB RAM, 2x2 TB NVMe | CPU Benchmark: 48021 |
| EPYC 9454P Server | 256 GB RAM, 2x2 TB NVMe |
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⚠️ *Note: All benchmark scores are approximate and may vary based on configuration. Server availability subject to stock.* ⚠️
Ceph Monitoring Stack - Technical Documentation
This document details the hardware configuration for a dedicated Ceph Monitoring Stack. This stack is designed to provide robust and reliable monitoring of a Ceph storage cluster, ensuring optimal performance and proactive identification of potential issues. It is *not* intended to be part of the Ceph OSD, Monitor, or Manager deployments; it exists as a separate, dedicated system. This separation is critical for avoiding resource contention and ensuring monitoring remains functional even during cluster stress.
1. Hardware Specifications
The Ceph Monitoring Stack is built around a server optimized for high I/O and large memory capacity to handle the influx of metrics and logs from the Ceph cluster. The configuration detailed below represents a baseline recommendation, and can be scaled up based on the size and complexity of the monitored Ceph cluster.
| Component | Specification |
|---|---|
| CPU | Dual Intel Xeon Gold 6338 (32 Cores per CPU, 64 Total Cores) - 2.0 GHz Base Frequency, 3.4 GHz Turbo Frequency. [Internal Link: CPU Selection Guide] |
| CPU Cache | 48MB L3 Cache per CPU |
| RAM | 256GB DDR4 ECC Registered 3200MHz - 8 x 32GB DIMMs. [Internal Link: Memory Configuration Best Practices] |
| Storage (OS) | 2 x 480GB NVMe PCIe Gen4 SSD (RAID 1) - For Operating System and Monitoring Software. [Internal Link: NVMe SSD Technology] |
| Storage (Metrics/Logs) | 4 x 8TB SAS 12Gbps 7.2K RPM Enterprise HDD (RAID 10) – Dedicated to storing Ceph metrics, logs, and historical data for analysis. [Internal Link: RAID Configuration Options] |
| Network Interface | Dual 10 Gigabit Ethernet (10GbE) ports with Teaming/Bonding. [Internal Link: Network Teaming Configuration] |
| Network Controller | Intel X710-DA4 10GbE NIC |
| Power Supply | 2 x 800W 80+ Platinum Redundant Power Supplies. [Internal Link: Redundant Power Supplies] |
| Chassis | 2U Rackmount Server Chassis |
| Motherboard | Supermicro X12DPG-QT6 |
| BMC | IPMI 2.0 Compliant Baseboard Management Controller (BMC) with dedicated network port. [Internal Link: IPMI Management] |
| Operating System | CentOS Stream 9 (or Ubuntu Server 22.04 LTS) - [Internal Link: Supported Operating Systems] |
Detailed Explanation of Key Components:
- **CPU:** The high core count and turbo frequency are crucial for processing the large volume of metrics ingested from the Ceph cluster. Monitoring tools like Prometheus and Grafana are CPU intensive, particularly when performing complex queries and aggregations.
- **RAM:** 256GB of RAM allows for ample buffering of metrics and logs, reducing disk I/O and improving query performance. The use of ECC Registered memory ensures data integrity.
- **OS Storage (NVMe SSD):** The NVMe SSDs provide lightning-fast boot times and responsiveness for the operating system and monitoring software. RAID 1 configuration provides redundancy in case of SSD failure.
- **Metrics/Logs Storage (SAS HDD RAID 10):** The large capacity SAS HDDs in a RAID 10 configuration provide a balance of performance, capacity, and redundancy for storing the historical data necessary for trend analysis and capacity planning. RAID 10 offers excellent read/write performance and fault tolerance. Consider using larger capacity drives (e.g., 16TB or 18TB) based on retention requirements.
- **Networking:** Dual 10GbE ports provide sufficient bandwidth to handle the constant stream of metrics and logs from the Ceph cluster. Teaming/Bonding provides redundancy and increased throughput.
- **Power Supply:** Redundant power supplies ensure high availability in case of power supply failure. 80+ Platinum certification ensures energy efficiency.
2. Performance Characteristics
The Ceph Monitoring Stack has been benchmarked using a simulated Ceph cluster environment generating a representative workload.
- **Metric Ingestion Rate:** Capable of ingesting up to 500,000 metrics per second without significant performance degradation. [Internal Link: Metric Collection Techniques]
- **Log Ingestion Rate:** Sustained log ingestion rate of up to 200MB/s. [Internal Link: Log Aggregation Strategies]
- **Prometheus Query Latency:** Average query latency for common Ceph metrics is under 200ms, even with a large dataset. [Internal Link: Prometheus Optimization]
- **Grafana Dashboard Load Time:** Dashboard load times are consistently under 3 seconds, even with complex visualizations displaying real-time data. [Internal Link: Grafana Dashboard Design]
- **Disk I/O (Metrics/Logs):** Average write I/O to the RAID 10 array is 200MB/s with an average latency of 5ms.
- **CPU Utilization (Peak):** During peak metric ingestion and query load, CPU utilization averages around 60-70%.
- **Memory Utilization (Peak):** Memory utilization averages around 60-70% under peak load.
Benchmark Tools Used:
- **Prometheus:** Used for metric collection and query benchmarking.
- **Grafana:** Used for dashboard load time testing.
- **sysbench:** Used for disk I/O benchmarking.
- **stress-ng:** Used for CPU and memory stress testing.
Real-World Performance:
In a production environment monitoring a 500 OSD Ceph cluster, the stack consistently maintains low latency and high availability. Alerts are triggered promptly, and historical data is readily available for troubleshooting and capacity planning. The system has demonstrated 99.99% uptime over a six-month period. Monitoring of CPU, Memory, Network and Disk I/O is handled by the monitoring software itself, providing automated alerts if thresholds are exceeded.
3. Recommended Use Cases
This Ceph Monitoring Stack configuration is ideally suited for the following use cases:
- **Large-Scale Ceph Clusters:** Monitoring clusters with hundreds or thousands of OSDs.
- **Production Environments:** Ensuring high availability and performance of Ceph storage used for critical applications.
- **Capacity Planning:** Analyzing historical data to predict future storage requirements.
- **Performance Troubleshooting:** Identifying bottlenecks and performance issues within the Ceph cluster.
- **Proactive Alerting:** Receiving notifications when potential problems are detected.
- **Compliance and Auditing:** Maintaining a record of Ceph cluster performance and health for compliance purposes.
- **Multi-Tenant Environments:** Isolating monitoring data for different tenants or departments. [Internal Link: Ceph Multi-Tenancy]
4. Comparison with Similar Configurations
The following table compares the Ceph Monitoring Stack configuration to other potential options.
| Configuration | CPU | RAM | Storage (Metrics/Logs) | Cost (Approximate) | Scalability | Use Case |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| **Ceph Monitoring Stack (This Document)** | Dual Intel Xeon Gold 6338 | 256GB DDR4 | 4 x 8TB SAS HDD (RAID 10) | $8,000 - $12,000 | High | Large-scale Ceph clusters, production environments |
| **Entry-Level Monitoring Stack** | Single Intel Xeon Silver 4310 | 64GB DDR4 | 2 x 4TB SAS HDD (RAID 1) | $3,000 - $5,000 | Low | Small Ceph clusters, development/testing |
| **High-Performance Monitoring Stack** | Dual Intel Xeon Platinum 8380 | 512GB DDR4 | 8 x 16TB SAS HDD (RAID 10) | $15,000 - $25,000 | Very High | Extremely large Ceph clusters, demanding performance requirements |
| **Virtual Machine Based Monitoring** | Varies | Varies | Varies | $1,000 - $3,000 (Software Licensing) | Moderate | Small to medium-sized Ceph clusters, cost-sensitive environments. [Internal Link: Virtualization Considerations] |
Notes on Alternatives:
- **Entry-Level Monitoring Stack:** Suitable for smaller Ceph clusters or development/testing environments, but may struggle to handle the load of a large production cluster.
- **High-Performance Monitoring Stack:** Provides exceptional performance and scalability, but at a significantly higher cost.
- **Virtual Machine Based Monitoring:** Offers flexibility and cost savings, but can be susceptible to resource contention and performance limitations. Proper resource allocation and isolation are critical.
5. Maintenance Considerations
Maintaining the Ceph Monitoring Stack requires regular attention to ensure its continued reliability and performance.
- **Cooling:** The server should be installed in a rack with adequate cooling to prevent overheating. Ambient temperature should be maintained below 25°C (77°F). [Internal Link: Server Room Cooling]
- **Power Requirements:** The server requires a dedicated power circuit with sufficient capacity to handle the peak power draw of 1600W. Ensure the power circuit is properly grounded.
- **Software Updates:** Regularly update the operating system and monitoring software to address security vulnerabilities and bug fixes. [Internal Link: Patch Management]
- **Log Rotation:** Configure log rotation to prevent disk space exhaustion. Logs should be archived regularly for historical analysis.
- **Backup Strategy:** Implement a backup strategy for the monitoring data, including metrics, logs, and configuration files. [Internal Link: Backup and Recovery Procedures]
- **Disk Monitoring:** Monitor the health of the RAID array and replace failing disks promptly. Utilize SMART monitoring to proactively identify potential disk failures.
- **Network Monitoring:** Monitor network connectivity and bandwidth utilization to ensure the monitoring stack can communicate with the Ceph cluster.
- **Security Hardening:** Implement security best practices to protect the monitoring stack from unauthorized access. This includes configuring firewalls, intrusion detection systems, and strong passwords. [Internal Link: Server Security Best Practices]
- **Capacity Planning (Ongoing):** Continuously monitor storage capacity and adjust as needed to accommodate growing data volumes.
This documentation provides a comprehensive overview of the Ceph Monitoring Stack configuration. Regular review and updates are recommended to ensure it remains aligned with your specific needs and environment. ```
Intel-Based Server Configurations
| Configuration | Specifications | Benchmark |
|---|---|---|
| Core i7-6700K/7700 Server | 64 GB DDR4, NVMe SSD 2 x 512 GB | CPU Benchmark: 8046 |
| Core i7-8700 Server | 64 GB DDR4, NVMe SSD 2x1 TB | CPU Benchmark: 13124 |
| Core i9-9900K Server | 128 GB DDR4, NVMe SSD 2 x 1 TB | CPU Benchmark: 49969 |
| Core i9-13900 Server (64GB) | 64 GB RAM, 2x2 TB NVMe SSD | |
| Core i9-13900 Server (128GB) | 128 GB RAM, 2x2 TB NVMe SSD | |
| Core i5-13500 Server (64GB) | 64 GB RAM, 2x500 GB NVMe SSD | |
| Core i5-13500 Server (128GB) | 128 GB RAM, 2x500 GB NVMe SSD | |
| Core i5-13500 Workstation | 64 GB DDR5 RAM, 2 NVMe SSD, NVIDIA RTX 4000 |
AMD-Based Server Configurations
| Configuration | Specifications | Benchmark |
|---|---|---|
| Ryzen 5 3600 Server | 64 GB RAM, 2x480 GB NVMe | CPU Benchmark: 17849 |
| Ryzen 7 7700 Server | 64 GB DDR5 RAM, 2x1 TB NVMe | CPU Benchmark: 35224 |
| Ryzen 9 5950X Server | 128 GB RAM, 2x4 TB NVMe | CPU Benchmark: 46045 |
| Ryzen 9 7950X Server | 128 GB DDR5 ECC, 2x2 TB NVMe | CPU Benchmark: 63561 |
| EPYC 7502P Server (128GB/1TB) | 128 GB RAM, 1 TB NVMe | CPU Benchmark: 48021 |
| EPYC 7502P Server (128GB/2TB) | 128 GB RAM, 2 TB NVMe | CPU Benchmark: 48021 |
| EPYC 7502P Server (128GB/4TB) | 128 GB RAM, 2x2 TB NVMe | CPU Benchmark: 48021 |
| EPYC 7502P Server (256GB/1TB) | 256 GB RAM, 1 TB NVMe | CPU Benchmark: 48021 |
| EPYC 7502P Server (256GB/4TB) | 256 GB RAM, 2x2 TB NVMe | CPU Benchmark: 48021 |
| EPYC 9454P Server | 256 GB RAM, 2x2 TB NVMe |
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⚠️ *Note: All benchmark scores are approximate and may vary based on configuration. Server availability subject to stock.* ⚠️