Next-Generation Firewall

1. Next-Generation Firewall Server Configuration

This article details the server configuration required for deploying a Next-Generation Firewall (NGFW) within our infrastructure. This guide is intended for system administrators and network engineers new to managing NGFW deployments on our MediaWiki platform. Proper configuration is critical for network security and performance. This document focuses on the server aspects; firewall rule configuration is covered in Firewall Rule Management. We will also discuss integration with our existing Intrusion Detection System.

Introduction to Next-Generation Firewalls

Traditional firewalls operate on a stateful packet inspection basis, examining traffic at Layers 3 and 4 of the OSI model. NGFWs, however, go beyond this. They incorporate features like deep packet inspection (DPI), intrusion prevention systems (IPS), application control, and often, threat intelligence feeds. This provides a much more granular and effective level of security. This server will host the NGFW software, acting as a critical point of control for all network traffic. Understanding the OSI Model is crucial for effective firewall administration.

Hardware Requirements

The following table outlines the minimum and recommended hardware specifications for the NGFW server. These recommendations are based on an anticipated throughput of 1 Gbps. Higher throughputs will require proportionally increased resources.

Component	Minimum Specification	Recommended Specification
CPU	Intel Xeon E3-1220 v6 (4 cores)	Intel Xeon E5-2680 v4 (14 cores)
RAM	8 GB DDR4 ECC	32 GB DDR4 ECC
Storage	256 GB SSD	512 GB SSD (RAID 1 recommended)
Network Interface Cards (NICs)	2 x 1 GbE	2 x 10 GbE
Power Supply	450W 80+ Bronze	750W 80+ Gold

Software Requirements

The recommended operating system is Ubuntu Server 22.04 LTS. Other Linux distributions may be supported, but extensive testing is required prior to deployment. The chosen NGFW software is Palo Alto Networks VM-Series. Other options, such as Fortinet FortiGate VM, exist, but are not covered in this document. Ensure all software is updated to the latest version using the Package Management System.

Server Configuration Steps

1. Operating System Installation: Install Ubuntu Server 22.04 LTS using the standard installation procedure. Ensure you configure a static IP address for the server. Refer to the Network Configuration Guide for details.

2. Network Interface Configuration: Configure the network interfaces. The external interface (connected to the internet) will require a public IP address, while the internal interface will use a private IP address. Use the `netplan` configuration files for this. Consult the Netplan Documentation for specific instructions.

3. NGFW Software Installation: Download the VM-Series software from the Palo Alto Networks support portal. This usually involves obtaining a license key. Follow the installation instructions provided by Palo Alto Networks. Pay close attention to the resource allocation requirements during installation.

4. Initial NGFW Configuration: Access the NGFW web interface using a web browser. Configure the basic network settings, including the management interface, external and internal interfaces, and DNS servers.

5. Licensing: Activate the NGFW license. Without a valid license, the firewall will operate in evaluation mode with limited functionality.

6. Time Synchronization: Configure the server to synchronize its time with a Network Time Protocol (NTP) server. This is crucial for log analysis and security auditing. Use `ntpd` or `systemd-timesyncd`. See the Time Synchronization Guide.

Firewall Performance Tuning

Optimizing the NGFW for performance is critical. The following table shows some key tuning parameters.

Parameter	Description	Recommended Value
Session Timeout	The duration a session remains active in the firewall's state table.	30 minutes
TCP MSS Clamping	Adjusts the maximum segment size (MSS) to prevent fragmentation.	Enabled
Hardware Offloading	Utilizing NIC hardware acceleration for packet processing.	Enabled (if supported by NIC)
DPI Engine Profile	The level of depth packet inspection performed.	Balanced

Monitoring and Logging

Effective monitoring and logging are essential for identifying and resolving issues. Configure the NGFW to send logs to a central SIEM System for analysis. Monitor CPU usage, memory usage, and network throughput. Utilize the NGFW's built-in monitoring tools and the System Monitoring Tools available on our servers. Regularly review the logs for suspicious activity.

Backup and Disaster Recovery

Regular backups of the NGFW configuration are crucial. Implement a disaster recovery plan to ensure business continuity in the event of a server failure. Utilize the Backup and Recovery Procedures already in place for our server infrastructure. Test the disaster recovery plan periodically.

Advanced Configuration Considerations

• SSL Decryption: Consider enabling SSL decryption for inspecting encrypted traffic. However, this can impact performance and requires careful planning. Consult the SSL Decryption Guide.
• Threat Intelligence Feeds: Integrate threat intelligence feeds to stay up-to-date on the latest threats.
• Application Control: Utilize application control to restrict or allow specific applications based on policy.
• User Identification: Implement user identification to track traffic based on user identity.

Hardware Redundancy

For high availability, consider deploying two NGFW servers in an active-passive or active-active configuration. This requires additional hardware and configuration, but significantly improves resilience. Refer to the High Availability Architecture document for more details.

Technical Specifications Summary

Specification	Value
Server Model	Dell PowerEdge R740xd
Processor	2 x Intel Xeon Gold 6248R
Memory	64 GB DDR4 ECC
Storage	1 TB SSD (RAID 1)
Network Interfaces	4 x 10 GbE
Firewall Software	Palo Alto Networks VM-Series
Operating System	Ubuntu Server 22.04 LTS

Network Security Firewall Configuration Intrusion Prevention Systems Deep Packet Inspection SSL Inspection Threat Intelligence Application Control Network Monitoring System Logs Server Redundancy High Availability Backup Strategy Disaster Recovery Plan Security Auditing Ubuntu Server Palo Alto Networks Fortinet Network Segmentation Vulnerability Management Incident Response Security Best Practices

Intel-Based Server Configurations

Configuration	Specifications	Benchmark
Core i7-6700K/7700 Server	64 GB DDR4, NVMe SSD 2 x 512 GB	CPU Benchmark: 8046
Core i7-8700 Server	64 GB DDR4, NVMe SSD 2x1 TB	CPU Benchmark: 13124
Core i9-9900K Server	128 GB DDR4, NVMe SSD 2 x 1 TB	CPU Benchmark: 49969
Core i9-13900 Server (64GB)	64 GB RAM, 2x2 TB NVMe SSD
Core i9-13900 Server (128GB)	128 GB RAM, 2x2 TB NVMe SSD
Core i5-13500 Server (64GB)	64 GB RAM, 2x500 GB NVMe SSD
Core i5-13500 Server (128GB)	128 GB RAM, 2x500 GB NVMe SSD
Core i5-13500 Workstation	64 GB DDR5 RAM, 2 NVMe SSD, NVIDIA RTX 4000

AMD-Based Server Configurations

Configuration	Specifications	Benchmark
Ryzen 5 3600 Server	64 GB RAM, 2x480 GB NVMe	CPU Benchmark: 17849
Ryzen 7 7700 Server	64 GB DDR5 RAM, 2x1 TB NVMe	CPU Benchmark: 35224
Ryzen 9 5950X Server	128 GB RAM, 2x4 TB NVMe	CPU Benchmark: 46045
Ryzen 9 7950X Server	128 GB DDR5 ECC, 2x2 TB NVMe	CPU Benchmark: 63561
EPYC 7502P Server (128GB/1TB)	128 GB RAM, 1 TB NVMe	CPU Benchmark: 48021
EPYC 7502P Server (128GB/2TB)	128 GB RAM, 2 TB NVMe	CPU Benchmark: 48021
EPYC 7502P Server (128GB/4TB)	128 GB RAM, 2x2 TB NVMe	CPU Benchmark: 48021
EPYC 7502P Server (256GB/1TB)	256 GB RAM, 1 TB NVMe	CPU Benchmark: 48021
EPYC 7502P Server (256GB/4TB)	256 GB RAM, 2x2 TB NVMe	CPU Benchmark: 48021
EPYC 9454P Server	256 GB RAM, 2x2 TB NVMe

Order Your Dedicated Server

Configure and order your ideal server configuration

Need Assistance?

• Telegram: @powervps Servers at a discounted price

⚠️ *Note: All benchmark scores are approximate and may vary based on configuration. Server availability subject to stock.* ⚠️