Networking Infrastructure
- Networking Infrastructure
This article details the networking infrastructure supporting our MediaWiki 1.40 installation. Understanding this setup is crucial for troubleshooting, performance analysis, and future scalability. This guide is geared towards newcomers to our server environment.
Overview
Our MediaWiki instance relies on a robust and redundant network infrastructure to ensure high availability and performance. The network is segmented into several key zones: public-facing web servers, internal application servers, database servers, and a separate management network. This segregation enhances security and isolates potential failures. We utilize a combination of physical and virtual networking components. Load balancing is a key component of our setup, distributing traffic across multiple web servers. A detailed understanding of DNS resolution is also important for accessing our wiki.
Network Topology
The following diagram illustrates the basic network topology. (Note: A visual diagram cannot be directly included in this MediaWiki-formatted text. Imagine a depiction showing the zones described below connected by firewalls and switches.)
- **Public Zone:** Contains the web servers (Apache) serving the wiki content to users. These servers are protected by a firewall and a DDoS mitigation service.
- **Application Zone:** Houses the PHP application servers responsible for processing wiki requests and interacting with the database.
- **Database Zone:** Hosts the MySQL database server storing the wiki’s content and configuration. This zone is highly secured and access is strictly controlled.
- **Management Zone:** Used for server administration, monitoring, and backups. Access to this zone is restricted to authorized personnel.
- **Load Balancers:** Distribute incoming traffic across the web servers. We employ a HAProxy configuration for this purpose.
Web Server Network Configuration
The web servers are the first point of contact for users. Their network configuration is critical for performance and security.
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| IP Address (Example) | 192.0.2.10 - 192.0.2.20 (Range) |
| Subnet Mask | 255.255.255.0 |
| Gateway | 192.0.2.1 |
| DNS Servers | 8.8.8.8, 8.8.4.4 |
| Network Interface | eth0 |
| Firewall Rules | Allow HTTP (80), HTTPS (443) from any source. Deny all other inbound traffic. |
These servers are configured to listen on ports 80 (HTTP) and 443 (HTTPS). SSL certificates are used to encrypt communication over HTTPS. Apache configuration is optimized for handling a high volume of concurrent requests.
Application Server Network Configuration
The application servers communicate with the web servers and the database server. Their network configuration prioritizes secure and efficient communication.
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| IP Address (Example) | 10.0.0.10 - 10.0.0.20 (Range) |
| Subnet Mask | 255.255.255.0 |
| Gateway | 10.0.0.1 |
| DNS Servers | Internal DNS Server (10.0.0.1) |
| Network Interface | eth0 |
| Firewall Rules | Allow inbound traffic from Web Servers on port 8080. Allow outbound traffic to Database Server on port 3306. Deny all other traffic. |
Communication between the web and application servers happens via a dedicated internal network. This network is isolated from the public internet. PHP-FPM is utilized for efficient PHP processing. Proper caching mechanisms are employed to reduce database load.
Database Server Network Configuration
The database server is the most critical component of the infrastructure. Its network configuration is strictly controlled to ensure data integrity and security.
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| IP Address (Example) | 172.16.0.10 |
| Subnet Mask | 255.255.255.0 |
| Gateway | 172.16.0.1 |
| DNS Servers | Internal DNS Server (172.16.0.1) |
| Network Interface | eth0 |
| Firewall Rules | Allow inbound traffic from Application Servers on port 3306. Deny all other inbound traffic. |
Access to the database server is restricted to the application servers. Regular database backups are performed and stored securely. MySQL tuning is crucial for optimal performance. We also implement replication for redundancy and failover. Understanding SQL performance optimization is vital for maintaining a responsive wiki. We utilize a dedicated monitoring system to track database performance.
Internal DNS
We maintain an internal DNS server (BIND9) to resolve internal hostnames. This simplifies management and improves security. The internal DNS server is configured to forward external DNS requests to public DNS servers. DNS caching improves resolution speed.
Future Considerations
We are continually evaluating new networking technologies to improve our infrastructure. Potential future upgrades include:
- Implementing a software-defined networking (SDN) solution.
- Migrating to a more modern firewall solution.
- Exploring the use of network virtualization.
See Also
- Server Security
- Load balancing
- Database Administration
- System Monitoring
- Firewall Configuration
- DNS resolution
- Apache configuration
- PHP Configuration
- MySQL configuration
- Caching mechanisms
- SSL certificates
- Database backups
- MySQL tuning
- Replication
- SQL performance optimization
Intel-Based Server Configurations
| Configuration | Specifications | Benchmark |
|---|---|---|
| Core i7-6700K/7700 Server | 64 GB DDR4, NVMe SSD 2 x 512 GB | CPU Benchmark: 8046 |
| Core i7-8700 Server | 64 GB DDR4, NVMe SSD 2x1 TB | CPU Benchmark: 13124 |
| Core i9-9900K Server | 128 GB DDR4, NVMe SSD 2 x 1 TB | CPU Benchmark: 49969 |
| Core i9-13900 Server (64GB) | 64 GB RAM, 2x2 TB NVMe SSD | |
| Core i9-13900 Server (128GB) | 128 GB RAM, 2x2 TB NVMe SSD | |
| Core i5-13500 Server (64GB) | 64 GB RAM, 2x500 GB NVMe SSD | |
| Core i5-13500 Server (128GB) | 128 GB RAM, 2x500 GB NVMe SSD | |
| Core i5-13500 Workstation | 64 GB DDR5 RAM, 2 NVMe SSD, NVIDIA RTX 4000 |
AMD-Based Server Configurations
| Configuration | Specifications | Benchmark |
|---|---|---|
| Ryzen 5 3600 Server | 64 GB RAM, 2x480 GB NVMe | CPU Benchmark: 17849 |
| Ryzen 7 7700 Server | 64 GB DDR5 RAM, 2x1 TB NVMe | CPU Benchmark: 35224 |
| Ryzen 9 5950X Server | 128 GB RAM, 2x4 TB NVMe | CPU Benchmark: 46045 |
| Ryzen 9 7950X Server | 128 GB DDR5 ECC, 2x2 TB NVMe | CPU Benchmark: 63561 |
| EPYC 7502P Server (128GB/1TB) | 128 GB RAM, 1 TB NVMe | CPU Benchmark: 48021 |
| EPYC 7502P Server (128GB/2TB) | 128 GB RAM, 2 TB NVMe | CPU Benchmark: 48021 |
| EPYC 7502P Server (128GB/4TB) | 128 GB RAM, 2x2 TB NVMe | CPU Benchmark: 48021 |
| EPYC 7502P Server (256GB/1TB) | 256 GB RAM, 1 TB NVMe | CPU Benchmark: 48021 |
| EPYC 7502P Server (256GB/4TB) | 256 GB RAM, 2x2 TB NVMe | CPU Benchmark: 48021 |
| EPYC 9454P Server | 256 GB RAM, 2x2 TB NVMe |
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⚠️ *Note: All benchmark scores are approximate and may vary based on configuration. Server availability subject to stock.* ⚠️