Network security

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  1. Network Security Configuration for MediaWiki 1.40

This article details the network security configuration essential for a robust and secure MediaWiki 1.40 installation. Proper network setup is crucial for protecting your wiki from unauthorized access, data breaches, and denial-of-service attacks. This guide is aimed at system administrators and those responsible for maintaining the server infrastructure. It builds upon fundamental Server setup and assumes a basic understanding of networking concepts.

Understanding the Threat Landscape

Before diving into configuration, it's vital to understand potential threats. Common attacks include:

  • **Brute-force attacks:** Attempts to guess usernames and passwords.
  • **SQL Injection:** Exploiting vulnerabilities in database queries.
  • **Cross-Site Scripting (XSS):** Injecting malicious scripts into web pages.
  • **Denial-of-Service (DoS) and Distributed Denial-of-Service (DDoS):** Overwhelming the server with traffic.
  • **Unauthorized Access:** Gaining access to sensitive data or administrative functions.
  • **Man-in-the-Middle (MitM) Attacks:** Intercepting communication between the server and users.

These threats necessitate a layered security approach. This article focuses on the network layer, complementing application-level security features within MediaWiki itself (discussed in Security extensions).

Firewall Configuration

A firewall is the first line of defense. It controls incoming and outgoing network traffic based on predefined rules. We'll discuss `iptables`, a common Linux firewall. Alternatives like `firewalld` exist, but `iptables` is widely used and well-documented.

Rule Description Action
Allow incoming HTTP traffic | ACCEPT
Allow incoming HTTPS traffic | ACCEPT
Allow incoming SSH traffic (restrict source IP!) | ACCEPT
Allow established connections | ACCEPT
Drop all other incoming traffic | DROP
    • Important Considerations:**
  • **SSH Access:** Restrict SSH access to specific IP addresses. Consider using SSH keys for enhanced security.
  • **Port Forwarding:** If your wiki is behind a router, ensure proper port forwarding (80 and 443) is configured. Refer to your router’s documentation.
  • **Regular Review:** Firewall rules should be regularly reviewed and updated.
  • **Logging:** Enable firewall logging to monitor traffic and identify potential attacks. See Server logs for details on log analysis.

Load Balancing and Reverse Proxies

For high-traffic wikis, consider using a load balancer and a reverse proxy like Nginx or Apache.

  • **Load Balancing:** Distributes traffic across multiple MediaWiki servers, improving performance and availability. See Scaling MediaWiki for more information.
  • **Reverse Proxy:** Acts as an intermediary between clients and MediaWiki. It provides several benefits:
   *   **SSL Termination:** Handles SSL encryption/decryption, reducing the load on MediaWiki servers.
   *   **Caching:** Caches static content, improving response times.
   *   **Security:** Hides the internal network structure and can provide additional security features like rate limiting and web application firewall (WAF) capabilities.

Here's a simplified Nginx configuration snippet:

```nginx server { 

   listen 80;
   server_name yourwiki.example.com;
   return 301 https://$host$request_uri;

}

server { 

   listen 443 ssl;
   server_name yourwiki.example.com;

   ssl_certificate /path/to/your/certificate.pem;
   ssl_certificate_key /path/to/your/private.key;

   location / {
       proxy_pass http://mediawiki_backend; # Assuming 'mediawiki_backend' is an upstream block
       proxy_set_header Host $host;
       proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
       proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
   }

} ```

Network Segmentation

Network segmentation involves dividing the network into smaller, isolated segments. This limits the impact of a security breach.

Segment Purpose Access Control
Hosts publicly accessible services (e.g., web server, reverse proxy) | Limited access to internal network
Hosts MediaWiki servers, database server | Restricted access, firewalled
Used for server administration | Highly restricted access, often separate VLAN

This separation prevents attackers from easily accessing critical infrastructure if they compromise the web server. Consider using Virtual LANs (VLANs) to implement segmentation. See Virtualization for related technologies.

DNS Security

Secure your DNS records to prevent DNS spoofing and cache poisoning attacks.

  • **DNSSEC (DNS Security Extensions):** Adds cryptographic signatures to DNS records, verifying their authenticity.
  • **Use a reputable DNS provider:** Choose a provider with robust security measures.
  • **Regularly review DNS records:** Ensure accuracy and remove outdated records.

Technical Specifications Summary

Component Specification Version
Firewall iptables 1.8.7
Reverse Proxy Nginx 1.23.3
Load Balancer (example) HAProxy 2.6.5

Monitoring and Intrusion Detection

Implement network monitoring and intrusion detection systems (IDS) to detect and respond to security incidents. Tools like Snort, Suricata, and Nagios can be helpful. Regularly review Server monitoring data.

Further Resources


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