How to Optimize Your Server for Maximum Performance

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  1. How to Optimize Your Server for Maximum Performance

This article provides a comprehensive guide to optimizing your server for running MediaWiki 1.40 efficiently. A well-configured server is crucial for a fast and responsive wiki, especially as it grows in content and user base. This guide assumes you have a basic understanding of server administration.

1. Understanding Your Server's Baseline

Before making any changes, it's important to understand your server's current performance. Monitoring resource usage will help identify bottlenecks. Tools like `top`, `htop`, `vmstat`, and `iostat` (on Linux systems) are invaluable. Consider using a dedicated server monitoring solution for longer-term analysis.

1.1 Hardware Specifications

The foundation of performance is the hardware. Here’s a guide to minimum and recommended specifications:

Minimum Recommended High-Traffic
CPU: 2 Core CPU: 4+ Core CPU: 8+ Core (or multiple)
RAM: 4 GB RAM: 8 GB+ RAM: 16 GB+
Storage: 50 GB SSD Storage: 100 GB+ SSD Storage: 500 GB+ SSD (RAID 1 or 10)
Network: 100 Mbps Network: 1 Gbps Network: 10 Gbps

These are general guidelines. Actual requirements depend on wiki size, traffic, and complexity of extensions.

1.2 Software Stack

The software stack also plays a significant role. We'll focus on a common LAMP (Linux, Apache, MySQL, PHP) setup, but similar principles apply to other stacks like LEMP (Linux, Nginx, MySQL, PHP).

Component Recommended Version Notes
Linux Distribution Ubuntu 22.04 LTS or Debian 11 Choose a stable, long-term support distribution.
Apache Web Server 2.4.x Configure efficiently (see section 2).
MySQL/MariaDB Database 8.0 or 10.5 Proper database configuration is vital.
PHP 8.1 or 8.2 Use a version supported by MediaWiki 1.40.

2. Apache Configuration

Apache is often a major performance bottleneck. Careful configuration can significantly improve speed.

  • MPM (Multi-Processing Module): Use `event` MPM for high concurrency. Edit `/etc/apache2/mods-available/mpm_event.conf` and adjust `StartServers`, `MinSpareServers`, `MaxSpareServers`, `MaxRequestWorkers`, and `MaxConnectionsPerChild` based on your server's RAM and expected load. Restart Apache after changes.
  • Caching: Enable `mod_cache` and `mod_disk_cache`. This caches static content.
  • Compression: Enable `mod_deflate` to compress responses, reducing bandwidth usage.
  • KeepAlive: Enable `KeepAlive` to reuse TCP connections, reducing overhead.
  • .htaccess: Minimize or eliminate `.htaccess` files. They introduce performance overhead. Instead, configure directly in the Apache virtual host file.
  • Disable Unused Modules: Disable any Apache modules you don't need.

3. MySQL/MariaDB Configuration

The database is critical. Slow queries can cripple performance.

  • `my.cnf` Configuration: Tune the `my.cnf` file (usually located in `/etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/` or `/etc/my.cnf`). Key settings to adjust include:
   *   `innodb_buffer_pool_size`:  Allocate a significant portion of RAM (e.g., 50-80%) to the InnoDB buffer pool.
   *   `key_buffer_size`:  Important for MyISAM tables (if used).
   *   `query_cache_size`:  Enable and tune the query cache (though deprecated in newer versions, it can still help with simpler queries). Consider using alternatives like ProxySQL.
   *   `max_connections`: Increase this value if you have many concurrent users.
   *   `innodb_log_file_size`:  Larger log files can improve write performance.
  • Indexing: Ensure proper indexing on frequently queried columns. Use `EXPLAIN` to analyze query performance. See Manual:Database_performance for more details.
  • Query Optimization: Identify and optimize slow queries. Use the MySQL slow query log to find them.
  • Regular Maintenance: Run `OPTIMIZE TABLE` regularly to defragment tables and improve performance.

4. PHP Configuration

PHP configuration impacts script execution speed.

  • `php.ini` Configuration:
   *   `memory_limit`: Increase this value if your wiki experiences memory errors.
   *   `max_execution_time`:  Adjust based on the complexity of your wiki's scripts.
   *   `opcache.enable`:  Enable the OpCache extension. This caches compiled PHP code, drastically improving performance.
   *   `opcache.memory_consumption`: Allocate sufficient memory to the OpCache.
  • PHP Version: As mentioned earlier, use a supported PHP version (8.1 or 8.2). Newer PHP versions generally offer performance improvements.
  • Realpath Cache: Ensure the `realpath_cache_size` and `realpath_cache_ttl` are appropriately configured in `php.ini`.

5. MediaWiki Specific Optimizations

Beyond the general server configuration, several MediaWiki-specific optimizations can be applied.

  • Caching: Enable and configure the built-in MediaWiki caching mechanisms (e.g., APCu, Memcached, Redis). See Manual:Configuration_settings#Caching for details.
  • Job Queue: Ensure the job queue is running efficiently. Configure a cron job to process jobs regularly. See Manual:Jobs
  • Database Schema: Keep your database schema up to date. Run `maintenance/update.php` after upgrading MediaWiki.
  • Extensions: Only install extensions you need. Each extension adds overhead.
  • Image Resizing: Configure image resizing appropriately to prevent excessive memory usage.

6. Monitoring and Continuous Improvement

Optimization is an ongoing process. Regularly monitor your server's performance and adjust configurations as needed. Use tools like Special:Statistics to monitor wiki usage. Consider using a performance monitoring tool like New Relic or Datadog for more detailed insights.

6.1 Key Performance Indicators (KPIs)

KPI Description Target
Average Response Time Average time to load a page. < 0.5 seconds
CPU Usage Percentage of CPU time used by MediaWiki processes. < 70%
Memory Usage Amount of RAM used by MediaWiki processes. < 80% of available RAM
Database Query Time Average time to execute database queries. < 0.1 seconds

By following these guidelines, you can significantly improve your MediaWiki server's performance and provide a better experience for your users. Remember to always back up your data before making any significant configuration changes. Consult the MediaWiki documentation and Help:Contents for further assistance.


Intel-Based Server Configurations

Configuration Specifications Benchmark
Core i7-6700K/7700 Server 64 GB DDR4, NVMe SSD 2 x 512 GB CPU Benchmark: 8046
Core i7-8700 Server 64 GB DDR4, NVMe SSD 2x1 TB CPU Benchmark: 13124
Core i9-9900K Server 128 GB DDR4, NVMe SSD 2 x 1 TB CPU Benchmark: 49969
Core i9-13900 Server (64GB) 64 GB RAM, 2x2 TB NVMe SSD
Core i9-13900 Server (128GB) 128 GB RAM, 2x2 TB NVMe SSD
Core i5-13500 Server (64GB) 64 GB RAM, 2x500 GB NVMe SSD
Core i5-13500 Server (128GB) 128 GB RAM, 2x500 GB NVMe SSD
Core i5-13500 Workstation 64 GB DDR5 RAM, 2 NVMe SSD, NVIDIA RTX 4000

AMD-Based Server Configurations

Configuration Specifications Benchmark
Ryzen 5 3600 Server 64 GB RAM, 2x480 GB NVMe CPU Benchmark: 17849
Ryzen 7 7700 Server 64 GB DDR5 RAM, 2x1 TB NVMe CPU Benchmark: 35224
Ryzen 9 5950X Server 128 GB RAM, 2x4 TB NVMe CPU Benchmark: 46045
Ryzen 9 7950X Server 128 GB DDR5 ECC, 2x2 TB NVMe CPU Benchmark: 63561
EPYC 7502P Server (128GB/1TB) 128 GB RAM, 1 TB NVMe CPU Benchmark: 48021
EPYC 7502P Server (128GB/2TB) 128 GB RAM, 2 TB NVMe CPU Benchmark: 48021
EPYC 7502P Server (128GB/4TB) 128 GB RAM, 2x2 TB NVMe CPU Benchmark: 48021
EPYC 7502P Server (256GB/1TB) 256 GB RAM, 1 TB NVMe CPU Benchmark: 48021
EPYC 7502P Server (256GB/4TB) 256 GB RAM, 2x2 TB NVMe CPU Benchmark: 48021
EPYC 9454P Server 256 GB RAM, 2x2 TB NVMe

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⚠️ *Note: All benchmark scores are approximate and may vary based on configuration. Server availability subject to stock.* ⚠️

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